A few of the interesting and useful hobby electronic circuit diagrams already published in this blog have been selected and compiled here for quick reference and understanding.
Making a Photo Cell using a Power transistor
This is an old trick I learned many years ago. Removing the round metal cap from a power transistor, in many cases, will reveal a photocell. Even those that don't reveal a photocell have a base-emitter region that is sensitive to light when the cover is removed.
As shown in the photo, the metal cap has been removed and the photocell is located acroos the base-emitter pins. This particular power transistor read 1250 ohms in darkness and 600 ohms under a light bulb. I removed the cap on a 2N456A and it does not show a photocell inside.
In darknesss, it reads 300 ohms. Under a light bulb, it reads 25 ohms. Removing the cover can be difficult. The best way is to use a dremel tool with a metal cutting disc. A small hack saw could also be used. A last resort would be to take a small pair of sharp edge diagonal cutting pliers and pinch the metal at the round edges until the metal is penetrated.
Grab as much metal as possible and twist the pliers and metal upwards to expose the inside. Be careful not to damage the base-emmitter region. The amount of resistance change,is going to vary with different types of power transistors.
Making small emergency capacitors
When you need a small size capacitor in an emergency, this is one method of making one. I made a 22 pf (.022nf) capacitor with pencil and paper as shown in the photo below.
You need a clean sheet of white paper, such as a typing sheet. You will also need a graphite pencil with a dull end and some scissors. As the size shown resulted in 22pf of capacitance, you will need a smaller size for smaller pf's and larger for larger pf's.
Your actual capacitance values will depend upon the type of lead pencil you used and the pressure you applied to the paper sheet. Start on one side and take the side of the pencil lead, making strokes to spread the graphite across the plate area and connection tab on one side.
Take care not to puncture the thin paper. Also leave a little room at the edges, so the opposite side plate will not short
The connector tabs should only have graphite applied on it's plate side. Turn the paper over and do the same thing on the opposite side.
The connector tab on the opposite side will be on the opposite end as compared with the front plate. Use a capacitance meter to test the capicatance.
If it is a smaller value than what you needed, just add more graphite to enlarge the plate area on both sides. If your tester doesn't identify any capacitance, check with an ohmmeter for a high resistance short.
You may have penetrated the paper and shorted the plates. Once you have the value required, take the scissors and allow some space from the graphite plates so you want be cutting into the graphite. Connect pg (gator) type clips to the connector tabs and install it in your circuit. This is only a temporary fix as the environment, moisture, etc., could gradually change the value.
Simple Touch Sensitive Switch Circuit
We all know about this little versatile chip which finds its way in almost all useful electronic circuits, yes our very own IC 555. The following circuit is no exception, it's a sensitive touch switch circuit using the IC 555.
Here the IC is configured as an monostable multivibrator, in this mode the IC activates its output momentarily by producing a logic high in response to a trigger at its input pin#2.
The momentary activation time period of the output depends on the value of C1 and the setting of VR1.
When the touch switch is touched pin#2 is pulled to a lower logic potential which may be less than 1/3 of Vcc. This instantly reverts the output situation from low to high activating the connected relay driver stage.
This in turn switches ON the load attached with the relay contacts but only for the time until C1 gets fully discharged.
Simple Triac Dimmer Circuit
The circuit of a simple triac light dimmer shown below can be used for dimming incandescent lamps directly from AC mains.
The circuit is very easy to construct and uses very few components. The pot is used for controlling the load power or the intensity of the light. The dimmer circuit can be also used for controlling ceiling fan speeds.
Simple Audio Power Amplifier Circuit
The circuit illustrated here is probably the simplest form of an audio power amplifier.
Though the circuit is very crude by its specs yetis able to amplify an audio input up to a powerful 4 watts in a 8 Ohm speaker.
The transistor used in this amplifier is a 2N3055 is used as a switch for inducing voltages in response to the input signals into one half winding of the transformer.
The back emf generated across the winding of the transformer is effectively dumped over the speaker generating the required amplifications. The transistor needs to be mounted on a suitable heatsink.
Simple Water Level Alarm Circuit
Just a couple of transistors are enough for implementing a simple water level alarm circuit and used for getting a warning signal when the water level inside a tank nears the overflowing level.
The two transistors are configured as a high gain, high sensitive switch, which also is capable of generating a tone when the shown terminals get bridged through the terminals coming in contact with the water inside the tank.
The water offers just about the right resistance value across the specified points of the circuit for initiating high pitched tone or the desired warning alarm.
Simple Temperature Detector Circuit
A very simple temperature indicator circuit can be built using the circuit shown in the diagram. A generally purpose small signal transistor is used here as the sensor and another active device in the form of a1N4148 diode is used for providing a reference level to the sensing operation.
The heat source which is to be measured is place in contact with the transistor while the diode is held at a relatively constant ambient temperature level.
As per the setting of the preset P1, if the threshold is crossed by the introduced heat source, the transistor begins to conduct substantially, illuminating the LED and indicating the generation the heat beyond a particular set limit.
Parts List for the above simple transistor hobby circuit
- R1 = 1K,
- R2 = 2K2,
- D1 = 1N4148,
- P1 = 300 Ohms,
- T1 = BC547
- LED = RED 5mm
100 Watt Transistor Based Inverter Circuit
Inverters are devices which have important applications where normal electric supply is not available or difficult to obtain through conventional routes.
The simple 100 watt inverter circuit shown here can be built and used for powering many electrical appliances like, lights, soldering iron, heater, fan etc. The whole 100 watt inverter circuit mainly involves transistors and therefore becomes easier to construct and implement.
Parts List
- R1, R4 = 330 Ohms,
- R2, R3 = 39K,
- R5, R6 = 100 Ohms, 1watt,
- C1, C2 = 0.47uF,
- D1, D2 = 1N5402
- T1, T2 = BC547,
- T3, T4 = TIP127,
- T5, T6 = 2N3055,
- Transformer = 9-0-9V, 10Amp, 220V or 120V
100 Watt Transistor Power Amplifier Circuit
This circuit of a transistor power amplifier is outstanding with its performance and is able to provide a thumping 100 watts of pure music output.
As can be seen in the diagram it utilizes mainly transistors for making the amplifier and its implementations and a handful of other inexpensive passive components like resistors and capacitors. The required input is not more than 1 V, which gets amplified 200,000 times at the output.
Please refer the article below for the parts list:
Simple Automatic Emergency Lamp Circuit
This simple emergency lamp circuit uses very components and yet is able to provide some useful service.
The shown device is able to switch ON automatically when mains power fails, illuminating all the connected LEDs.As soon as power is restored, the LEDs shut off automatically and the connected starts charging through the built in power supply.
The emergency light circuit employs a transformerless power supply for initiating the explained automatic actions and also for trickle charging the connected battery.
Parts List for the above CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- R1 = 220K,
- R2 = 10K,
- D1, D2, D3 = 1N4007,
- Z1 = 15V 1watt, zener diode,
- C2 = 100uF/25V
- LEDs = white, high bright type.
Automatic Day Night Light Switch Circuit
This simple transistor circuit can be used for monitoring the dawn and dusk conditions and for switching lights in response to the varying conditions.
Thus the day night light switch circuit can be used for switching ON the connected lights when night sets in and switch it OFF during day break. The threshold tripping point may be set by adjusting the 10K preset.
The capacitors are 100uF/25V, the transistors are ordinaryBC547, and the diodes are 1N4007.
Electronic Candle Circuit
This is a simple hobby project and exhibits all the properties of a conventional wax type candle. Here the LED is used in place of the candle flame, which illuminates as soon as the mains power fails and shuts off automatically when the power is restored.
So it also performs the function of an emergency lamp. The connected battery is used for powering the candle”light and it is charged continuously when the unit is not being used and powered through the mains supply.
An interesting “puff off” feature is also included so tatthe “candle” light may be switched OFF whenever desired through a puff of airinto the attached mic which acts as the air vibration sensor.
Simple Emergency Flashlight Circuit
This circuit may be used as an automatic emergency lamp when there’s no power or when mains power fails during night times.
As shown in the diagram, the circuit utilizes a cheap incandescent flashlight bulb for the required illumination. As long as the input supply from the mains transformer is present the transistor remains switched OFF and so does the lamp.
However the moment the mains power fails, the transistor conducts and switches ON the battery power to the bulb, instantly illuminating it brightly.
The battery is trickle charged for so long as the mainspower remains connected to the circuit.
Parts List
- R1 = 22 Ohms,
- R2 = 1K,
- D1 = 1N4007,
- T1 = 8550,
- Lamp = 3V flashlight bulb.
- Transformer = 0-3V, 500 mA,
- Battery = 3V, penlight 1.5 V cells (2nos. in series)
Music operated Dancing Light Circuit
This circuit may be used for transforming music into dancing light patterns.
The operation of the music lamp circuit is very simple, the music input is fed to the bases of the shown transistor array, each of them are configured to conduct at a specific voltage level in the incrementing order from the top to the bottom transistor.
Thus the uppermost transistor conducts with the input music is at the minimum volume level and the subsequent transistor starts to conduct in sequence as per the volume or the pitch of the music.
Each transistor is rigged with individual lamps which light up in response to the music levels in a “chasing” dancing light pattern.
Parts List
- All the base presets are = 10K,
- All the collector resistors are 470 Ohms,
- All the diodes are = 1N4148,
- All NPN transistors are = BC547,
- The single PNP transistor is = BC557,
- All the triacs are = BT136,
- The input capacitor = 0.22uF/25V non polar.
Simple Clap Switch LED Lamp Circuit
The interesting clap switch circuit shown here can be used in stairways and passages for illuminating the premise momentarily through clap sound.
The circuit is basically a sound sensor circuit with an enclosed amplifier stage. The clap sound or any similar sound is detected by the mic and converted into minute electrical pulses. These electrical pulses are suitably amplified by the subsequent transistor stage.
The Darlington stage shown at the output is the timer stage which switches in response to the above sound interaction and illuminate the connected LEDs for some period of time defined by the 220K resistor and the two39 K resistors.
After the time lapses the LEDs are switched off automatically and the clap switch circuit returns to its original state until the next clap sound is detected.
The parts list is given in the circuit diagram itself.
A Simple ELCB Circuit
The circuit shown here can be used for detecting earth leakage conditions and for implementing the required shutting off the mains power supply.
Unlike usual configurations, here the ground to the ELCB circuit and the relay is acquired from the earthing line itself. Also since the input coil is also referenced to the common earthing ground, the entire functioning becomes compatible and accurate.
On sensing a possible current leakage at the input, the transistors come into action and switch the relays appropriately. The two relay have their individual specific roles to play.
One relay detects and switches OFF when there’s current leakage through an appliances body, while the other relay is wired up to sense the presence of a the earthing line and switches OFF the mains as soon a wrong or weak earthing line is detected.
Parts List
- R1 = 33K,
- R2 = 4K7,
- R3 = 10K,
- R4 = 220 Ohms,
- R5 = 1K,
- R6 = 1M,
- C1 = 0.22uF,
- C2, C3, C4 = 100uF/25V
- C5 = 105/400V
- All diodes = 1N4007,
- Relay = 12V, 400 Ohms
- T1, T2 = BC547,
- T3 = BC557,
- L1 = output transformer as used in radio push pull amplifierstage
Simple LED Flasher
A very simple LED flasher circuit is illustrated in the diagram. The transistors and the corresponding parts are connected in the standard astable multivibrator mode, which forces the circuit to oscillate the moment power is applied.
The LEDs connected at the collector of the transistors start flashing alternately in wig wag manner.
The LEDs shown in the diagram are connected in series and parallel, so that many numbers of LEDs can be accommodated in the configuration. The pots P1 and P2 may be adjusted for getting different interesting flashing patterns with the LEDs.
Parts List
- R1, R2 = 1K,
- P1,P2 = 100K pots,
- C1, C2 = 33uF/25V,
- T1, T2 = BC547,
- Resistors connected with each LED series = 470 Ohms
- LEDs are 5mm type, color as per choice.
Simple Wireless Microphone Circuit
Anything spoken into the mic of the presented circuit cab be clearly picked up and reproduced by any standard FM radio, within a range of 30meters of distance.
The circuit is very simple and just requires ther shown components to be assembled and connected with each other as depicted in the diagram.
The coil L1 for this FM transmitter circuit consists of 5 turns of 1mm super enameled copper wire, having a diameter of around 0.6 cm.
Parts List
- R1 = 4K7,
- R2 = 82K,
- R3 = 1K,
- C1 = 10pF,
- C2, C3 = 27pF,
- C4 = 0.001uF,
- C5 = 0.22uF,
- T1 = BC547
40 LED Emergency Light Circuit
The shown design of a 40 LED emergency light is driven usingan ordinary transistor/transformer inverter circuit.
The transistor and the respective winding of th transformer are configured as a high frequency oscillator stage.
The oscillations induce a high voltage across the winding of the transformer. The stepped-up voltage at the output is directly used to drive the LED which are all connected in series for getting the desired balance and the illumination.
Parts List
- R1 = 470 Ohms,
- VR1 = 47K,
- C1, C2 = 1uF/25V
- TR1 = 0-6V, 500mA,
- Battery = 6V, 2AH,
- LEDs = high bright white, 40 nos.
Simple Transistor Latch Circuit
If you are looking for a circuit which can be used to latch the output in response to an input signal, then this circuit can be used for the intended purpose very effectively and also very cheaply.
A momentary input trigger is applied to the base of T1,which switches it for a fraction of a second depending upon the length of the applied signal.
The conduction of T1 immediately switches T2 and the connected relay. However at the very instant a feedback voltage also appears at the base of T1 via R3 from the collector of T2.
This feed back voltage instantly latches the circuit and keeps the relay activated even after the trigger from the input is removed.
Parts List
- R1, R3 = 100k,
- R2, R4 = 10K,
- C1 = 1uF/25V
- D1 = 1N4148,
- T1 = BC547,
- T2 = BC557
- Relay = 12V, SPDT
Simple LED Music Light Circuit
In one of the previous sections we studied a simple music light show circuit using mains operated incandescent lamps, the present design incorporate LEDs for similar intended light show generation.
As can be seen in the figure, the transistors are all wired up in sequencing array. The music signal varying with pitch and amplitude is applied at the base of the buffer amplifier PNP transistor.
The amplified music is then fed across the whole array where the respective transistor receive the inputs with incrementing pitch or the volume levels and go on switching in the corresponding manner from start to finish, producing an interesting LED light sequencing pattern.
This light exactly varies its length according to the pitch or the volume of the fed music signal.
Parts list is provided in the diagram.
A Simple 2-Pin Automobile Indicator Lamp Flasher Circuit with Buzzer
If you want to make a flasher unit for you motorbike then this circuit is just for you. This simple turn signal flasher circuit can be easily built and installed in any two wheelers for the desired actions.
The automobile flasher circuit employs just two 2-pins instead of 3 as found in other flasher circuits. Once installed, the circuit will faithfully flash the side indicator lights whenever the intended function is switched ON.
The circuit also incorporates an optional buzzer circuit which can be also included for getting a beeping sound in response to the flashing of the lamps.
Parts List
- R1, R2, R3 = 10K
- R4= 33K
- T1 = D1351,
- T2 = BC547,
- T3 = BC557,
- C1, C2 = 33uF.25V
- L1 = Buzzer Coil
Simple Relay Motorbike Flasher Circuit
In the above section we discussed a simple three transistor based flasher circuit; here we study another similar design, however here we incorporate a relay for the switching actions of the lamps.
The circuit looks pretty straightforward and employs hardly anything substantial and yet performs the expected functions wonderfully well.
Just build it and wire it in your mo-bike for witnessing the intended functions...
Parts List
- R1 = 1K,
- R2 = 4K7,
- T1 = BC557,
- C1 = 100uF/25V,
- C2 = 1000uF/25V
- Relay = 12V, 400 Ohms
- D1 = 1N4007
Simple Door Bell Timer, with Adjustable Timing Facility
Yes this simple transistor circuit can be used as a home door bell and it’s ON time can be set as preferred by the user, meaning if you wanted that the sound of the bell to remain switched ON for a particular period of time, you could easily do it just by adjusting the given pot.
The actual tune is derived from the IC UM66 and the associated components, while all the included transistors along with the relay are configured for producing the time delay for keeping the music switched ON.
Parts List
- R1, R2, R4, R5 = 1K
- VR1 = 100K,
- D1, D2 = 1N4007,
- C1, C2 = 100uF/25
- T1, T3 = BC547,
- T2 = BC557
- Z1 = 3V/400mW
- Transformer = 0-12V/500mA,
- S1 = Bell Push
- IC = UM66
Timer Circuit with Independent On and OFF Delay Adjust Facility
The circuit can be used for generating delays at a desired rate. The On time of the relay can be controlled by adjusting the Pot VR1 while the pot VR2 may be used to decide after how long the relay responds once theinput trigger is fed by the switch S1.
The parts list is enclosed inside the diagram.
Simple High and Low Mains Voltage Cut Off Circuit
Are you having problems with your input Mains supply? That’s common problem associated with our input mains AC line, where a high and a low voltage conditions are quite frequently encountered by us.
The simple high low voltage controller circuit shown here can be built and installed in you house electrical board for getting a 24/7 safety from the possible dangerous AC voltage conditions.
The circuit keeps the relay and the wired appliances as long as the mains input stays within a safe tolerable level and switches the load OFF the moment a dangerous or unfavorable voltage condition is sensed by the circuit.
Parts List
- R1, R2 = 1K,
- P1, P2 = 10K Preset,
- T1, T2 = BC547B,
- C1 = 100uF/25V,
- D1 = 1N4007
- RL1 = 12V, SPDT,
- TR1 = 0-12V, 500mA
0 – 40 V, 0 – 4 Amp Continuously Variable Power Supply Circuit
This unique work bench circuit utilizes only a few inexpensive transistors and yet delivers some truly useful features.
The feature includes continuously variable voltage from zero to the maximum transformer voltage and current variable from zero to the maximum applied input level.
The output of this power supply is also over load protected. The pot P1 is used for setting the maximum current while the pot P2 is used for varying the output voltage level up to the desired levels.
Parts List
- R1 = 1K2,
- R2 = 100 Ohms,
- R3 = 470 Ohms,
- R4 = Evaluate using Ohms law.
- R5 = 1K8,
- R6 = 4k7,
- R7 = 68 Ohms,
- R8 = 1k8,
- T1 = 2N3055,
- T2, T3 = BC 547B,
- D1 = 1N4007,
- D2, D3, D4, D5 = 1N5408,
- C1, C2 = 2200uF/50V,
- Tr1 = 0 – 35 Volts, 3 Amp
Simple Crystal Tester Circuit
When it comes to frequency generating circuits or rather precise oscillator circuits, crystals become a crucial part, especially because they play an important role for generating and maintaining accurate frequency rates of the particular circuit.
However these devices are prone to many defects and are normally difficult to check through conventional DMM units.
The shown circuit can be used for checking all types of crystals instantly. The circuit itself is a small transistor oscillator circuit which starts oscillating when a good crystal is introduced across the indicated points in the circuit. If the crystal is a good one, the bulb lights up showing the relevant results and if there’s any defect in the attached crystal, the bulb remains switched OFF.
Simple Current Limiter Circuit Using two transistors
In many critical applications, circuits are required to maintain a strict controlled magnitude of current through them of at their outputs.
The proposed circuit is exactly meant for carrying out the discussed function.
The lower transistor is the main output transistor which operates the output vulnerable load and by itself is unable to control the current through it.
The introduction of the upper transistor makes it sure that the base of the lower transistor is allowed to conduct as long as the current output is within the specified limits. In case the current tends to cross the limits, the upper transistor conducts and switches OFF the lower transistor inhibiting any further passage of the exceeded current limit.
The threshold current may be fixed by R which is calculated with the shown formula.
Well, I am sure there can be countless number of hobby electronic circuits that can be included here, however for the moment I could gather only these many, if you think I might have missed a few you may simply feel free to update the same through your valuable comments....
power requirements for a motion sensing system
November 10, 2019 – 12:38pm
Hello all
i’m working on a security system that involves up to twenty (20) PIR sensors (HC-SR501) with a microcontroller, a buzzer and a few LEDs. what will be the power requirements if i want this system to run on a single rechargeable power source?
can a 12v made up of three (3) 3.7v batteries connected in series work effectively? or can a smaller voltage source do the job?
pls I need your help to make this device as economical as possible
20 PIR alone will consume around 1.3 amps, plus the LEDs, …at this rate your 12V battery won’t last long. So I think a higher current battery may be required for this application
Hello sir,Good day
I would like to help me with load analysis on 70W load that could operate for 12hr sir,Right battery,panel and charge controller.
I read several aticle but i end up confused.
Thank you!
Hello Abubakar, you can refer to the following post for the details:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-calculate-and-match-solar-panel/
dear swagatham sir pls I need a simple and easy to build fm radio receiver within range of 88-108frequency with a good reception
Alabima, you can try this circuit:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/FM-radio-circuit-stereo.pdf
Dear Swagatham,
I have assembled the transistor based remote tester of yours; it is functioning beautifully. Thanks for the same. But is it possible to make this circuit as a set reset one so that when once pressed the relay should be on and again if pressed it should be off. all should happen with remote. Please help me in this. My aim is to use remote to switch on the relay by one press and with another press it should switch of the relay.Eagerly waiting for your information and the circuit.
The circuit should operate in 5 to 12 volt DC.
Glad it’s working Viswanathan!
I would recommend the first circuit from this article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-make-simple-infra-red-remote/
It uses a TSOPxx IR sensor instead of a photodiode, and this sensor is highly advanced compared to a photodiode. It can sense a signal from remote even from distances over 20 meters. And it will not be rattled by any spurious stray disturbances.
Swagatham sir, I have a doubt. Why is SMPS output rectified with a single dose only. Never with a bridge rectifier?
Hi Ashokan, a bridge rectifier becomes necessary when the input is an alternating current meaning which changes its polarity from positive to zero, then zero to negative, and back to zero. In SMPS the input AC is already rectified and converted to DC at the primary side, and then this DC is oscillated or pulsed at a given frequency.
So the output also has a pulsed DC which only requires to be filtered with a capacitor. Here, the diode is not for used for rectification rather to make sure that during the OFF periods the charge from the filter capacitor goes to the load and does not sink to ground through the secondary winding
Dear website founder
————————-
I would like to ask you about the possibility of getting wirring diagrams from you for a certain defected electronic device.
If it is within my reach I’ll surely try to help!
Dear sir
i am seeing many circuits for water level controller but no circuit satisfy me please give me best semi automatic water level controller circuit with following requirement
1 circuit should use only transistor or IC (no micro controller please)
2 OHT dry run with 1-2 minute variable delay
3 circuit diagram with single sided pcb layout
4 Under voltage & over voltage cutoff (200-260 V)
Hi Hemaraja,
I already have all these designs in my website, but you will have to build them separately and then integrate the stages together appropriately.
here’s a semi-automatic water controller:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2012/04/cheap-semi-automatic-tank-water-over.html
For a simple dry run you can implement this circuit:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2014/06/watercoffee-dispenser-motor-dry-run.html
The over and under voltage detector is actually not required, but if you think it is important you can implement the following:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/highly-accurate-mains-high-and-low.html
Good day.
I need a simple transistor circuit that short circuit, or discharge a cap, when the 12 volt power supply to a timer circuit gets turned off and when the 12 volt gets turned on to the timer circuit the simple transistor circuit must open circuit the cap again. This simple transistor circuit will act as a reset circuit for the timer when the power is switched of to the timer. https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/timer-circuit.png This is a link to the timer that i am using. The transistor circuit must short circuit the cap between pins 3 and 6 of the ic when the power to the timer circuit is switched off and go open circuit when the power to the timer is switched on again. Or is there any other easy way to reset this timer when power goes off.
Thank you.
I have designed it below, you can try it and check if it works or not:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/discharge.png
19v to 12v without current drop?
i have laptop charger of 19V 3.42A(65W).i want to step down that 19v to 12v without any decrease in current.i need 12v 3.42+A
what is the simple way?
can i use resistors to radius voltage without current drop?
can i use LM7812C to get 12v 3.42+A
The simplest way would be to use an LM338 based circuit as shown below
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-make-solar-battery-charger/
7812 will need much modifications therefore it may not be recommended.
Few doubts in Variable Power SupplyCircuit
Pls tell the value of R4
And both POT values ?
This circuit tested by u sir…
Bcs i need to do variable power supply with amps control…
Pls guide me sir
you can get the details here
https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/01/how-to-make-versatile-variable-voltage.html
R4 will depend on the maximum current limit required at the output of the power supply
yes it is a tested design, use a Darlington for T1 using 2N3055/2N2222 pair
Inverter circuit.
C1, C2 = 0.47uF
How many volts?
ceramic disc 50V
What is the value of the AC input supply in Simple Automatic Emergency Lamp Circuit?
220V or 120V
site check
hellow sir! I am an electrical student, here in the Philippines and i know you are helpful. Im developing a device for my thesis,please help me. my problem is schematic diagram of an AUTOMATIC MIST IRRIGATION FOR MUSHROOM PRODUCTION which the objective is when it set 25 degree celcius and its attain the temperature, the irrigation will turn it ON. we are insufficient of materials here so a low cost of materials to be use sir. Im hoping for your immediate response sir because I have only less than a month free to do that thing. thank you for your anticipation.
hello Riku, as per your specification the mist shower should be triggered ON when the ambient temperature exceeds 25 degrees, and trigger OFF when it reaches below this figure….I hope I have understood it correctly.
Please confirm so that I can design it for you.
exactly sir but it can adjust the temperature range weather the ambient temperature or depends the temperature needed to trigger ON.thank you for helping me.
did not quite understand what you meant by
…but it can adjust the temperature range weather the ambient temperature or depends the temperature needed to trigger….
what am i trying to say sir is that the device can be adjustable the temperature range because it will be use in the mushroom house and furthermore the ambient of the temperature is changing depends upon the mushroom temperature needed to sustain. please reply to me in my gmail account sir. thank you
OK you can try the first circuit from this article
https://homemade-circuits.com/2016/08/incubator-temperature-controller.html
the pot can be adjusted for achieving the desired ranges
thank you for giving me the bright ideas sir. but there is a problem, how will i know that the temperature I set could be accurate in order to know that the device is effective.
the cut off will be very accurate, but first the full range will need to be set by applying a precisely known temperature on the sensor,
please continue the comment under the following article for further queries
https://homemade-circuits.com/2016/08/incubator-temperature-controller.html
please put a simple incubator circuit which is automatic in degree thanks 🙂
will try to update it soon….
Sir i made Simple Water Level Alarm Circuit but it not works please is ki detail bata dain k is me speaker hoga ya buzzer or kitne watt ka?
Syed, speaker lagega 8 ohms ka chhota wala, please see the following article for more details:
http://www.physics.mcmaster.ca/electronics/?page=project002.html&mode=print&type=
Sir kitne watt? Sir mene 8 ohms 3 watts ka speaker lagaya lekin circuit kaam nahi kia
watt value is not important any small type will work….koi bhi chhota 1 to 10 watt ke beech me chalna chahiye
Sir mene water alarm circuit banaya lekin wo kaam nahi kar raha hay
Sir mere problem solved kar dain please
sorry I cannot understand what may be the problem? you can try some circuit using IC 555
HI I WANT TO MAKE CAR BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR WI LE INDICATOR FROM MINIMUM 3 VOLT UP TO 12V
Hi…. Can u pls giv me a small application of diode with small nd simple circuit diagram?? Pls
Hi How are you
Sir
Please tell me how can I make 24 volt low battery disconnect circate
Hi Kamran, you can try the second circuit from the following article for your requirement:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/how-to-make-simple-low-battery-voltage.html
just remove the relay and replace it with your load. the 100k feedback resistor can be replaced with a 1M resistor.
also change the BC547 with a high current mosfet or a high power BJT as per the load specs.
…also change the 1K with 10k resistor and the 741 opamp with a LM321
Referring to the phrase:
"actually the transformer is simply not required….you can connect the LEDs directly with the battery in parallel strings."
What I have is a hand crank generator using a dc motor. It produces voltage of about 9v max and a current of 50mA max. My
plan is to use the circuit of "40 LED Emergency Light Circuit" section which would invert the 9v dc to >12v ac and then
rectify it to make it dc again and then regulate it using a 12v regulator and replace it in place of a 12v battery in a UPS.
Would that work?
I appreciate your answer a lot.
thanks a lot!!!
P.S.
As soon as it works, I will connect the hand crank generator to a stirling engine to make it automatic, replacing manual human power with autmatic heat engine power.
Next problem: How to make a high torque Stirling engine…XD…but that's out of your field of interest…so i'll take it on my own..btw…thanks again!
sorry that would never work? you should have specified this before.
moreover as per the diagram the trafo needs to have 220V winding at the LEd side for illuminating 40 LEDs….
Good Morning Engr. Swagatam!
I just want to ask about the:
40 LED Emergency Light Circuit section
Can you give me the specific rating of each parts if I have a:
A transformer rated @ 1A; 15v-0v-15v on sec.; and 0v-110v-220v on pri.?
And instead of 12v supply make it 5v dc?
And the rating of the output transformer as follows: Vout > 12V
e.g. 13v and above.
R1=?
VR1=?
C1=?
T1=?
C2=?
Thanks!…
Good Morning Eshkariel,
the supply needs to be equal to the transformer winding voltage rating, otherwise the output will be much lower, what's your battery AH specs?….actually the transformer is simply not required….you can connect the LEDs directly with the battery in parallel strings.
Hie sir
I have tried making timmer circuit with independant on off delay adjust fecility,its just not working,i want a2.4 v bulb with 9 v batterie to be onn for 2 sec and off for 15 to 30 sec adjustable can u plez help me…. thznx
Hi, the circuit will surely work….connect another BC547 with the lower transistor to make it a Darlington pair, this will improve the circuit response…
how can you use a 9V battery to drive a 2.4V bulb?….both the voltage levels must match..
Hi, I was wanting to attempt to construct your LED light show circuit. The image says all transistors are BC547B transistors, does this include the PNP transistor that is attached to the speaker terminals?
I was also wondering if I could use a 3.5 audio jack instead of the speaker terminals and any ideas on how to go about doing that? I would love to exchange emails about this if you're available.
Hi, the upper input transistor is a PNP transistor, remaining all are NPN.
3.5 jack input from headphone socket will also work….the base of the PNP will need a 100 ohm resistor in order to safeguard it from peak input currents.
Alternatively you can also think about the following circuit which is much reliable and accurate than the above design.
https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/03/how-to-make-simple-vu-meter-circuit-at.html
My email details are given in the contact page.
Hi Swagatam,
Iam from Indonesia…..
I Need Schematics For Incubator Timer with Hight Torque Motor ( DC Motor Power Window in Car).
I am trying to get a DC motor to run in two direction until it reaches the end position then stop and switch polarity so it will run the other direction when power is reapplied.
Then do the same thing at the other end.
1. timer turns power on for 1min. (7:00am -7:01am)
2. motor runs in one direction until it hits stop position, say 30sec.
3. power to motor turns off when it hits stop position and delays for the 1min. timer to end/turn off main power. also reverses polarity so that.
4. next time the main timer comes on (10:00-10:01) it dose the same thing in reverse direction and repeating continuosly
5. 12 VDC Motor Reverse (Just two cable from motor + and -)
6. Need Led Indicator for Rev/Fwd motor
Can you Help me Sir and Please E-mail Schematics to : jakarta_anwar@yahoo.com
Thank you in advance for any help. This is an important home project that needs to be 100% reliable.
Hi Anwar,
The 1 min timer is not required since the stop switch will automatically reset the timer after 30sec…..the frequency timing between 7 to 10 is important…the timer has to initiate after this period each time the motor has finished its operations.
I'll try to post it in the blog….stay tuned.
Hello sir,
myself rajesh, plz could i know the parts list of electronic candle circuit
thnks in advance….
Hello Rajesh,
it's given in the following article:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/make-electronic-candle-at-home.html
DEAR SIR
MY NAME AZIZ JAMALI FROM KARACHI PAKISTAN , I NEED 4 TO 20 MA CIRCUIT KINDLY HELP ME
THANKS
Hello Sir, I would like to know how I can adapt the simple current limiting circuit using two transistors for my application. I would like to connect this circuit between my main power supply and load. My main power supply is 115Vac to 230Vac. My load is 115Vac to 230Vac at 10watts. I want this circuit to disconnect the load if the load exceeds 10watts and reconnect if the load is 10watts or bellow. Please assist me with components specifications as well as what changes will I need to make if I want to change the value at which the disconnection takes place. Kind regards.
Hello Heeran,
You can try the concept explained in the following article:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/make-hundred-watt-led-floodlight.html
Use MJE13005 for both the transistors and calculate the values of the resistors appropriately as per the given formulas.
Hey Sir!
We have this project at school and there should be a triac in it. I found your music operated dancing light circuit to be interesting. Uhm does it really work sir? Also can I change the lamps into LEDs, without getting rid of the triacs? Lastly, what is the wattage of the resistors?
Thanks!
Hi Carmichael, yes it will work if built correctly as per the diagram…make sure to connect a 1k resistor in series with the music input capacitor at the PNP base.
The circuit is not isolated from mains so is highly dangerous to touch in switched ON position.
all resistors are 1/4 watt rated
LEDs can be used but using LEDs will make the purpose of the triacs useless
Hi Swagatam
Can you please suggest me a sample-and-hold circuit for at least 10 seconds or more?
Hi Abu-Hafss,
I haven't studied the concept much so I am not sure whether my suggestion is correct, you can refer to the second circuit given in the following link, looks applicable to me:
easy-electronic-circuits.blogspot.in/2012/04/track-and-hold-circuits-explained.html
sir kindly do the necessary things
mallikaraja, I'll surely include them in my blog, thanks!
dear sir kindly publish some simple and useful circuits for ece department with components?????
Dear bro i'm extreemly in need of a programable humidity controller circuit,, can u pls help me… my e-mail is – myfnf1@gmail.com
Dear Bro,
please provide an elaborate description of your requirement, I'll try to help.
hii swagatam, i want ask about emergency lamp using Led, when we use a battery 6v 4.5ah as battery, zener 12v needed change / lower it ?? would it damage battery 6v ???
Hi hui,
it should a little higher than the battery voltage…..so a 9V zener will be just fine.
sir please im just asking do have a smoke or fire alarm? please if you have designed refer me the link thank you.
biannz, you can refer to this circuit:
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/diy-electronics-devices/113566-make-a-simple-ic-741-smoke-detector-circuit-schematic-diagram-enclosed/
Hi swagatham,
Its me Nithin from kerala , iam planning to build a simple circuit for my water tank which always overflows and makes wastage of water, i need a circuit which can trip the pump circuit main after the water level attains.so please help me to do this task by guiding me.also please provide a power supply circuit also.thanking u
Hi Nithin,
You can try the following circuit:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/how-to-make-simple-water-level.html
The power can fed from any 12V/1amp ac/dc adapter.
Hi How do I make an electronic timer cut off? eg: switch off the circuit after 3 minutes.
look for 4060 simple timer circuit.
In Simple Automatic Emergency Lamp Circuit, what is the value of D4 diode?
1N4007
In Simple Automatic Emergency Lamp Circuit, What is the value of C1 capacitor?
105/400V
In Simple Automatic Emergency Lamp Circuit, What is the value of T1 transistor?
2N2907, 8550, BD140 all these will work
Hi Swagatam
I want to use the current limiting circuit with a car battery, to provide fixed 5A to a load which can draw more current. Are the following values okay?
Q1 = TIP32C
Q2 = TIP127
Base resistor = 1k
Current resistor = 0.14 (wattage ?)
Hi Abu-Hafss,
Please refer to this article, it has got all the details :
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/make-hundred-watt-led-floodlight.html
By the way you can simply use a LM338 IC, it's internally set to produce maximum 5amps and will never exceed this limit.
in:Simple Automatic Emergency Lamp Circuit
1. Can I use 12v battery?
2. Can I use 1 watt LED? What resistor value will I use?
Thanks in advanced sir!!! thanks for your answer!!!
yes 12v can be used, for 1 watt led use a 33 ohm 2 watt resistor in place of D3/D4
In :40 LED Emergency Light Circuit
1. Can I use 12v/7.5mAH battery?
2. And if possible, what modifications will I make?
3. How many LEDS will I use?
the circuit is not very efficient so will not work with mAH batts…..use the following circuit, it's highly efficient:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/09/led-emergency-light-circuit-using-boost.html
you mean if the power source is 12v then the transformer is 12-0-12v, and if the power supply is 6v then the XMER is 6-0-6v?
how about in "Simple Audio Power Amplifier Circuit"?
1. what is the transformer, 12-0-12v or 6-0-6v?
2.in 100E 5WATTS, what does "E" stands for?
3. Can I use a speaker with
impedance: 4 ohms
rated input: 1.6 watts?
by the way thanks for all the answer you gave me!!!!!!!your the man!!!!!!!!!!!! 🙂
1. transformer V rating should be be equal to the supply voltage
2. E stands for Ohms
3. yes it can be used.
You are most welcome Achilles
40 LED Emergency Light Circuit
trafo is 6-0-6V, R1 = 470 ohms
the emergency light with invertrer
pls show me the link, because there are two emergency circuits in the above article.
good day sir!
I have a question for you.
1. Is the transformer 's secondary a 6-0-6v or a 3-0-3v
2. what is value of R1
which circuit are referring to?
Sir for the 'SIMPLE CURRENT LIMITER CIRCUIT USING 2 TRANSISTORS' which you had posted here. I want a quick reply sir
You can refer to this post and calculate yourself as per the given formulas at the end of the page:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/make-hundred-watt-led-floodlight.html
Sir, what will be the wattage of resistor for 5 A maximum load current in the current control circuit ???? Will this circuit be able to handle such high load???
Hi Mohan, for which circuit?
can i ve working of emergency lamp ckt ?
can i have working of emergency lamp ckt
1/4watt CFR
value of R2 missing in 40 LED EMERGENCY Light
10 ohms, 1/4 watt
It's not just about relay, it's much more complex, you can refer to this post:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/09/make-remote-controlled-toy-car-circuit.html
circuit good
hi I am Shadab , I think you remembered me.
I have got a science congress in my school so, I was searching for non polluting batteries just like air battery, earth battery etc.
Do you have any other type of battery or do you have any capacitor related project or circuit as battery.
please please……….
thankx
I am sorry, presently I do not have any info regarding such batteries.
Remove D3, D4 and connect the battery directly to the shown position, no changes would be required.
,.good evening,sir! i just want to ask for help. i'm needing for a simple circuit that uses a sensor, which we can use in everyday living, yet the materials are affordable. hope you will respond! thanks in advance! 🙂
what kind of sensor are you looking for? Please provide more details about it.
,.any sensor will do,sir! ahm, is there any "plastic materials sensor" sir? i just thought of a circuit which can separate wastes (biodegradable from non-biodegradable)… is this possible? can you help me create a circuit like this? thankyou soooo much,sir! good day! 🙂
I am sorry, Such a circuit would be difficult to design at my level, because there's no sensing element available in the market specified for distinguishing biodegradable from non-biodegradable
you are welcome Zenilyn, keep posting.
Hi good ev sir swagatam what volt of capacitor 0.47uf in 100 watt transistor base inverter
Hi mr. / swagatam what is the volt of 0.47uf in the circuit 100 watt inverter
It's 50V.
Sir what polarity in R5and R6 negative or positve
R5 R6 are resistors and resistors don't have polarities.
I mean sir in 100 watt transistor base inverter
what polaritie of 0.47uf cap. They can top to R5 and R6 . Positive/ negtive.?
2nd quiz.
What type of transistor T4 ,T5 PNP or NPN they can buy.,if sold out to the market transistor # TIP 127 what transistor they.?
Please refer to this post, you will get a better picture of the design:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/07/simplest-and-best-100-watt-inverter.html
0.47 is a non polar cap.
use BD680 in place of tip1237, they a PNP transistors.
What volts of capacitor in the transistor inverter
Hi
Hi
Hi what is the value of R7 andR8 in 100 watt transistor base inverter circuit
Yah i w8 your refly because need for my project what the value of R7and R8 in the 100watt transistor base inverter circuit