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You are here: Home / Health Related / Electronic Ballast Circuit for UV Germicidal Lamps

Electronic Ballast Circuit for UV Germicidal Lamps

Last Updated on March 13, 2022 by Swagatam 8 Comments

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In this post we discuss the construction of a DC UV germicidal lamp ballast circuit which can be used for driving any standard 20 watt UV lamp through a 12 V DC source.

Although, the proposed ballast design was originally meant for illuminating a regular 20 watt fluorescent tube light, this can be also used for operating a 20 watt UV lamp, for the intended germicidal effects.

The following image shows the main features and image of a compatible 20 watt UV lamp.

Lamp Features

  • Short-wave UV radiation having a peak wave-length of 253.7 nm (UVC) effective for disinfection purposes against all types of bacteria and viruses.
  • Specially created glass material of the lamp filters out the harmful 185 nm ozone building rays
  • Inside protective covering guarantees practically constant UV output throughout the entire life span of the UV lamp.
  • A Warning sign printed on the tube signifies that the lamp is designed to generate UVC.

Main Applications

  • Deactivation of bacteria, viruses as well as other forms of microbes
  • Domestic drinking water purification units.
  • For purifying Fish aquarium water units.
  • Disinfection of In-duct air treatment equipment.
  • As Standalone air purifier systems.

How the Circuit Works

Transformer T1 along with the transistors Q1 and Q2 work like a self-oscillating inverter stage. The operating frequency of the circuit is determined by the core material, the amount of primary winding and the supply voltage.

As described, the inverter is wired to oscillate at around 2kHz frequency when the input supply is provided from a 12.5 V source.

Parts List

The secondary side winding of the transformer includes a couple of 4V windings to preheat the tube filaments, and also a 80 V winding to provide the discharge current supply across the tube and a 240V winding to generate a initial static voltage for starting the tube conduction.

Choke L1 can be seen connected in series with the 80 V winding of the transformer, in order to control the current through the tube.

Besides providing the current limit for the tube, the choke L1 also provides stabilization of the tube current for the supply voltage fluctuations.

When the input supply voltage rises, the inverter frequency also increases proportionately forcing the choke impedance to rise and vice-versa.

This automatically adjusting L1 impedance helps to keep lamp current steady in response to the variations in supply voltage between 10 V and 15 volts.

Construction Hints

The circuit schematic of the full UV lamp driver ballast circuit can be witnessed above. The winding info of transformer T1 and choke L1 are presented in Tables 1 and 2.

The winding for the transformer T1 is implemented over a 12mm x 12mm former or bobbin. The precise winding is easy to understand, yet somewhat laborious. The entire winding has to be done very uniformly; or else the whole winding may not accommodate well over the former.

Both the primary windings must be wound in a bifilar manner as explained in the following image.

This means that you must hold the wires for both the winding together and then begin winding the primary 1 and primary 2 simultaneously to make sure they are laid together in a combined way. This also implies that both these winding are laid down in perfectly adjacent with each other all through the length of the winding.

The other windings for T1 can be implemented in the regular fashion, but you must make sure that each of these winding is wound in the identical direction and also their start points and finish points are soldered to the appropriate terminals, as suggested in Table 1 below.

Table#1

After finishing the winding process, you may insert the pair of 'E' cores into the bobbin slots, and secure the whole construction firmly together using sticky tape or an appropriate metal clamp being careful that the metal clamp doesn't cause a short circuiting across any of the turn.

How to Wind the Choke

The choke L1 winding specifics are listed in Table#2 below:

Table#2
  • Core: As shown in the following image or any similar contemporary pot core:
  • Coil former: as shown in the image (in yellow):
  • Note: cores should be clamped with each other through 3/16" brass bolt and nut- a 3/16" brass washer can be accustomed to create an air gap.
  • Winding: 250 turns of 0.4 mm thick wire.

After the above steps, the winding are clamped between a pair of Mullard FX2242 cores as shown in the table#2 images. It is important to introduce a thin brass washer is interposed between the two cores, in order to create an air gap.

Wiring Layout

Wiring details of the parts and other aspects of the UV ballast circuit are demonstrated in the following figure. However, this exact component layout is actually not critical.

The transistors Q1 and 02 needs to be installed over an appropriate heatsink, which must have a minimum dimension of around 4" by 6".

Insulation washers should be applied to keep both the transistors well isolated from the heat sink. All the parts now can be casually hooked up and the full system attached to a 12V source.

Be careful not to touch the transistors or the transformer output side terminals because all these elements will be at fairly large voltage which could give you a painful electrical shock.

Current Adjustment

With the UV tubeligt switched ON, measure the current consumed by the circuit through the 12V supply. You should find this to be around 2.5 amps ± 0.2 amp.

In case you see this beyond this spec, you can try varying the air gap air of the choke until the issue is fixed to the specified limit. You will find that extending the the gap causes an increase in the current consumption and vice-versa.

Once the working and setting up are confirmed and tested, remove the transformer and immerse it into varnish in order to coat it with a layer of insulation, and let the varnish solidify across the winding and core. Once the transformer is entirely dried up, reconnect all the components for finalizing the UV lamp driver ballast circuit.

Since this UV lamp driver functions with 2 kHz you may hear slight noise around this frequency through the transformer and choke. This can be minimized by enclosing the key components inside heavy rigid box, or by covering the transformer and choke with epoxy resin coat.

Warning: The circuit idea was contributed by one of the dedicated members of this blog, the circuit is not practically verified by the author.

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About Swagatam

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials.
If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!

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  1. alvaro says

    May 11, 2022 at 12:47 pm

    Hi thank you for your design.

    Regarding the electrical wiring:
    1) With what AWG cables do you connect the uvc lamps ?
    2) With what material should be made the insulator of electrical wire ? I have seen PFTE or FEP are more resistant to high temperature.

    Regards

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      May 11, 2022 at 1:26 pm

      You are welcome. The wire AWG is not crucial since the current through the wire is not very high. You can use any normal electrical wire which are used for LED lamps, or fluorescent lamps.

      Reply
      • alvaro says

        May 11, 2022 at 2:13 pm

        thanks

        Reply
  2. AJIT Mohanty says

    March 12, 2022 at 8:11 pm

    nice explanation, please mention how does the circuit work?
    can it be used for 11watt or 16watt tube.
    please explain.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      March 13, 2022 at 10:01 am

      Thank you! When one transistor is ON the other transistor is switched OFF and vice versa, in this way the whole system oscillates, producing the intended high voltage for the tube light. No it cannot be used for 11 watt or 16 watt tubes.

      Reply
      • AJIT Mohanty says

        March 13, 2022 at 6:26 pm

        thank you for your reply. can you please advise the necessary changes that need to be done in order to use an 11-watt or 16-watt tube? I am a newcomer to this field. so expecting some help from you.

        Reply
        • Swagatam says

          March 13, 2022 at 8:32 pm

          It is difficult to suggest a solution for your question, because that would need modifying the number of the turns of the secondary winding, which can be very complex, and will need to be done through some trial and error.

          Reply
          • AJIT Mohanty says

            March 13, 2022 at 8:35 pm

            thank you for your generosity.

            Reply

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