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Electronics Theory

USB Isolator Diagram and Working

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 14 Comments

usb2Bisolator

The following email discussions were sent to me by Mr John Sweden who is one of the avid readers of this blog, here he explains about an USB isolator device, and how it may be incorporated while using an oscilloscope with a PC, in order to safeguard the oscilloscope and the test circuit from accidental […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Isolator, USB, Working

Sine wave PWM (SPWM) Circuit using Opamp

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 140 Comments

pwm2Bgeneration

SPWM refers to Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation which is a pulse width arrangement in which the pulses are narrower at the start, which gradually get broader at the middle, and then narrower again of the end of the arrangement. This set of pulses when implemented in an inductive application like inverter enables the output […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Opamp, PWM, Sine, SPWM, Wave

How Thyristors (SCR) Work – Tutorial

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 8 Comments

scr 2

Basically an SCR ( Silicon Controlled Rectifier) which is also known by the name Thyristor works quite like a transistor. What  SCR Stands for The device gets its name (SCR) due to its multi layered semiconductor internal structure which refers to the “silicon” word in the beginning of its name. The second part of the […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: SCR, Thyristors, Tutorial, Work

What’s PWM, How to Measure it

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 14 Comments

DC 2

PWM stands for pulse width modulation which signifies the variable nature of the pulse widths that may be generated from a particular source such as a discrete IC, MCU, or a transistorized circuit. What’s PWM In simple terms a PWM process is nothing but switching ON and OFF a supply voltage at a particular rate […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Measure, PWM

How to Use Resistors with LED, Zener and Transistor

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 56 Comments

circuit2

In this post I have explained how to use resistors while designing an electronic circuits using LEDs, zener diodes, or transistors. This article can be very useful for the new hobbyists who normally get confused with the resistor values to be used for a specific component and for the desired application. What is a Resistor […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: LED, Resistors, Transistor, Zener

Notch Filter Circuits with Design Details

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 5 Comments

In this article I will provide a detailed explanation regarding how to design notch filters with precise center frequency and for maximum impact. Where Notch Filter are Used Notch filter circuits are normally used for suppressing, nullifying, or cancelling a particular range of frequencies in order to avoid an annoying or unwanted interference within a […]

Filed Under: Audio and Amplifier Projects, Electronics Theory Tagged With: Circuits, Design, Details, Filter, Notch

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