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Electronics Theory

How to Compare IGBTs with MOSFETs

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 14 Comments

In this post I have explained the main differences between an IGBT and a MOSFeT device. I have explained more about the facts from the following article. Comparing IGTB with power MOSFETs The insulated-gate bipolar transistor features a voltage drop which is significantly low when compared to a conventional MOSFET in the devices which have […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Compare, IGBTs, MOSFETs

How to Protect MOSFETs – Basics Explained

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 76 Comments

howtostopmosfetfromburning

In this post I will comprehensively explain how to protect mosfets and prevent mosfet burning in electronic circuits by following some basic guidelines related to correct PCB layout, and careful manual handling of these sensitive devices. Introduction Even after connecting everything correctly you find the mosfets in your circuit becoming HOT and blowing off within […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Basics, Explained, MOSFETs, Protect

Digital Buffer – Working, Definition, Truth Table, Double Inversion, Fan-out

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

digital buffer

A buffer stage basically a reinforced intermediate stage which allows the input current to reach the output without getting affected by the output loading. In this post I will try to explain what digital buffers are, and we will be taking a look at its definition, symbol, truth table, double inversion using logic “NOT” gate, […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Buffer, Definition, Digital, Table, Truth, Working

BJT Emitter-Follower – Working, Application Circuits

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 12 Comments

In this post I have explained how to use a transistor emitter follower configuration in practical electronic circuits, we study this through a few different example application circuits. An emitter follower is one of the standard transistor configurations which is also referred to as common collector transistor configuration. Let’s try to first understand what’s an […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Application, BJT, Circuits, Emitter, Follower, Working

Understanding Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors with Diagrams and Formulas

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

calculation

In this post I am going to explain pull-Up resistor and pull-down resistor, why they are commonly used in electronic circuits, what happens to electronic circuits without Pull-Up or Pull-down resistor, and How to calculate Pull-Up and Pull-down resistor values and finally we will see about open collector configuration. How Logic Inputs and Outputs Work […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Diagrams, Down, Formulas, Pull, Resistors, Understanding

Understanding PID Controller

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 4 Comments

PID

The first successful assessment of PID control theory was practically verified in the field of automatic steering systems for ships, way back around the year 1920. After this it was applied in various industrial automatic process controls requiring optimized and accurate manufacturing output specifications. For manufacturing units PID was popularly implemented for achieving precise pneumatic […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Controller, PID, Understanding

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