The IC 4049 is a hex inverter chip, meaning it contains six independent NOT gates inside a single 16-pin package. In this inverter design, every single gate is put to work so none of them are left floating or wasted, which prevents erratic behavior or unwanted current draw. How it Works Gates N1 and N2 […]
Circuits
LED Chaser Circuits using IC 74C164 and 74LS164
In this post I will explain two different LED sequencer circuit designs, one using the IC 74C164 and the other using IC 74LS164. Even though both these ICs share the exact same logical function, meaning both are 8-bit Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO) shift registers with identical pinout configuration, but yet they belong to completely different integrated […]
Build Customized 220V Flyback SMPS Circuits: 12V, 5A, 60W Example Discussed
In this post I will explain you all the simple formulas, step by step, which you can use for designing and building professional grade 220V AC SMPS flyback converter circuits. As we know the SMPS transformer is the heart of an SMPS design, so here we will learn all the steps, one by step, using […]
Simple H-Bridge Circuits Using BJTs and MOSFETs | No Need of Driver ICs
An H-bridge is one very useful circuit arrangement which lets us reverse the polarity across a load, so now with one DC supply we can make current flow through the load in both directions alternately. Because of that, these H-bridge circuits get used in many places like DC to AC inverter circuits, transformer drivers, bidirectional […]
2 Simple MOSFET Gate Driver Circuits using BJTs
Very often we see that output coming from a microcontroller, oscillator, comparator, or PWM stage is just not strong enough for driving a power MOSFET directly, it gives signal, yes, but gate does not respond properly unless some decent current reaches there. A MOSFET gate behaves like a small capacitor, so now unless that gate […]
How to Design Customized 220V SMPS Circuits
We many times think that how we can make a SMPS circuit, and we feel that this is very complex. But that is not so because we can do this by following simple manual calculations step by step. We only need to know that SMPS design is always starting from the transformer. We cannot make […]