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Explained

Simple Running Dark Dot LED Chaser Circuit Explained

Last Updated on October 22, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

If you search for LED chaser circuits online, almost all of them show one single LED lighting up and moving across a line. That classic effect looks fine but if you flip the logic around, then you get something way more interesting, which is a running dark dot chaser effect. Instead of one glowing light […]

Filed Under: Lamps and Lights Tagged With: Chaser, Dark, Explained, LED, Running, Simple

Basic 555 IC Inverter Circuit Diagram Explained: 12V DC to 220V AC

Last Updated on October 21, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

In this post I will explain a very basic 12V to 220V AC inverter design using IC 555 as the oscillator stage, for generating a 50Hz frequency to the MOSFET driver stage of the inverter. We have used a center tap transformer for this design which effectively converter the battery 12V into 220V AC 50 […]

Filed Under: Inverter Circuits Tagged With: 12V, 555, Basic, DC, Explained, Inverter

SMPS Spot Welding Circuit using IC SG3525 Explained

Last Updated on June 4, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

Spot welding needs very low voltage but very high current, that too for very short time, so now this whole thing is built around that idea. In this design we push big current in small time period for safely creating the required welding joint, done. Audio/Video Representation How the Circuit Works Now the circuit, it […]

Filed Under: SMPS and Converters Tagged With: Explained, SG3525, SMPS, Spot, Welding

SG3525 Inverter Circuits with Low Battery Cut-off and Overvoltage Regulation

Last Updated on March 16, 2026 by Swagatam 30 Comments

sg3525INVERTERCIRCUITWITHOVERLOADLOWBATTPROTECTIONCIRCUIT

In this post I have explained a 3 powerful yet simple 12V inverter circuits using a single IC SG 3525. The first circuit is equipped with a low battery detection and cut off feature, and an automatic output voltage regulation feature. You may also want to read how to design a sine wave inverter from […]

Filed Under: Inverter Circuits Tagged With: Explained, Inverter, SG3525, Simple, Sine, Wave

DPDT Relay Working, Pinouts, Testing Explained

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 23 Comments

In this post we are going to understand about how this DPDT relay actually works, how we identify its pinouts, and how we can use it in our projects. We shall go step by step so that you can feel confident with every small thing about it. Introduction We know that a DPDT relay means […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: DPDT, Explained, Pinouts, Relay, Testing, Working

FET Current Source: Explained with Formulas

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

An FET Current Source is one special type of active circuit that is using a Field Effect Transistor for giving a steady and constant current into a circuit. We are doing this because sometimes we want that current should not change, it should remain fixed and stable. Why We Need Constant Current Now you may […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Current, Explained, FET, Formulas, Source

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