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Calculations

Transistor Relay Driver Circuit with Formula and Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 129 Comments

Relaydriver

In this article we will comprehensively study a transistor relay driver circuit and learn how to design its configuration by calculating the parameters through formulas. Importance of Relay Relays are one of the most important components in electronic circuits. Especially in circuits where high power transfer or mains AC load switching is involved, relays play […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Driver, Formula, Relay, Transistor

Opamp Hysteresis – Calculations and Design Considerations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 8 Comments

nohyst

In most automatic battery charger circuits in this blog you might have seen an opamp with a hysteresis feature included for some crucial function. In the following post I have explained the significance and design techniques for the hysteresis function in opamp circuits. To learn exactly what’s a hysteresis you can refer to this article […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Considerations, Design, Hysteresis, Opamp

Capacitor Inductor Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 4 Comments

function of I

Inductors can be imagined as the opposite of capacitors. The main difference between a capacitor and an inductor is that a capacitor carries a protective dielectric between its plates, which inhibits the conduction of current across its terminals. Here it acts like an open circuit. On the other hand the inductance of an inductor is […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Capacitor, Inductor

Zener Diode Circuits, Characteristics, Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 25 Comments

zener characteristics

Zener diodes – named after its inventor Dr. Carl Zener are fundamentally used in electronic circuits for generating precise voltage references. These are devices that are able to create a practically constant voltage across them regardless of variations in circuit and voltage situations. Externally, you may find zener diodes a lot similar to standard diodes […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Characteristics, Circuits, Diode, Zener

Understanding Triac Snubber Network Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

controlling inductive load with triac

You may find electronic circuits that frequently utilize triacs to manage mains powered loads. However, these setups commonly feature an inconspicuous capacitor and resistor combination across the triac – a snubber network. The functions of these components are more intricate than they seem. Exploring snubbers and grasping basic triac theory is valuable. Triac Operation A […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Network, Snubber, Triac, Understanding

Solving Darlington Transistor Formulas and Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

Now in this post you will learn about this amazing BJT device which is called Darlington Transistor. It got this name after genius engineer Sidney Darlington who first gave this idea, so we remember him. What Is Inside Darlington Transistor Basically this device is like special combo of two normal NPN or PNP bipolar junction […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Darlington, Formulas, Solving, Transistor

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