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Electronics Theory

What’s Internal Resistance of Battery

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

fig2B1

In this post we try to investigate internal resistance of battery and try to learn the critical characteristics involved with this battery parameter. What’s Internal Resistance of Battery The internal resistance (IR) of a battery is basically the level of opposition to the passage of electrons or current through the battery in a closed loop. […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Battery, Internal, Resistance

How PNP Transistors Work

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 8 Comments

pnptransistor

In this post I have explained regarding how a PNP transistor works or conducts in response to a fixed biasing voltage and a varying supply voltage, across its base and emitter. The question was put forth by Mr. Aaron Keenan. Question Regarding PNP BJT Working Great information and lots of interesting circuits!I have a question […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: PNP, Transistors, Work

How Supercapacitors Work

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 16 Comments

supcap

In this post I have explained what a supercapacitor is, how closely similar or different to an ordinary capacitor, where it is used and we will be doing comparison between batteries and super-capacitors to find out which one of them is superior. Let’s understand the basics of an ordinary capacitor. How Ordinary Capacitor Works A […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Supercapacitors, Work

Calculating Capacitor Charge/Discharge Time using RC Constant

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 4 Comments

RC

Capacitor charge and discharge periods is usually calculated through an RC constant called tau, expressed as the product of R and C, where C is the capacitance and R is the resistance parameter that may be in series or parallel with the capacitor C. It may be expressed as shown below: τ = R C […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculating, Capacitor, Charge, Discharge, RC, Time

How to Select MOV – Explained with a Practical Design

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 112 Comments

MOV

MOVs or metal oxide varistors are devices designed for controlling mains switch ON surges in electrical and electronic circuits. Selecting an MOV for a particular electronic circuit might require some consideration and calculation, I have explained the procedures here. What are MOVs Metal oxide varistors or simply varistors are non-linear surge suppressor devices which are […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Design, Explained, MOV, Practical, Select

How an Accelerometer Works

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 8 Comments

part2

In this post I will try to explain how an accelerometer works and also learn the specifications of a popular accelerometer ADXL335 in detail. If you are a tech enthusiast you would have came across the term called “Accelerometer”. This piece of technology made our smart phones really smart, many common home appliances, automobile, robotics, […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Accelerometer, Works

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