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Electronics Theory

Notch Filter Circuits with Design Details

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 5 Comments

In this article I will provide a detailed explanation regarding how to design notch filters with precise center frequency and for maximum impact. Where Notch Filter are Used Notch filter circuits are normally used for suppressing, nullifying, or cancelling a particular range of frequencies in order to avoid an annoying or unwanted interference within a […]

Filed Under: Audio and Amplifier Projects, Electronics Theory Tagged With: Circuits, Design, Details, Filter, Notch

What’s Internal Resistance of Battery

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

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In this post we try to investigate internal resistance of battery and try to learn the critical characteristics involved with this battery parameter. What’s Internal Resistance of Battery The internal resistance (IR) of a battery is basically the level of opposition to the passage of electrons or current through the battery in a closed loop. […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Battery, Internal, Resistance

Calculating Filter Capacitor for Smoothing Ripple

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 57 Comments

In the previous article I explained about ripple factor in power supply circuits, here we continue and evaluate the formula for calculating ripple current, and consequently the filter capacitor value for eliminating the ripple content in the DC output. The previous post explained how a DC content after rectification may carry the maximum possible  amount […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculating, Capacitor, Filter, Ripple, Smoothing

How to Design a Buck Converter Circuit: Formulas and Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 69 Comments

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In this post I have explained the method of designing buck converter circuits by calculating all the required parameters, in order to ensure an optimal performance from these devices. We take the example of IC 555 buck converter typologies, and try to understand the optimizing techniques through equations and manual adjustments, for achieving the most […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Buck, Calculations, Converter, Design, Formulas

How Wireless Power Transfer Works

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 43 Comments

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Wireless power transfer is a process in which electrical energy is transferred from one system to another system through electromagnetic waves without using wires or any physical contact. In this post I have explained regarding how wireless power transfer works or the transfer of electricity through air without using wires. You might have already come […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory, Power Supply Circuits Tagged With: Power, Transfer, Wireless, Works

How to Connect a TSOP1738 IR Sensor

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 74 Comments

TSOP17XX series devices are advanced infrared sensors having a specified center frequency of operation which makes their detection extremely reliable and foolproof. In this post I have explained how to connect a TSOP series infrared sensor and use it for a specified IR remote control operations. TSOP IR Sensor Specifications A TSOP series of IR […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory, Sensors and Detectors Tagged With: Connect, IR, Sensor, TSOP1738

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