The 4093 is a 14-pin package containing four positive-logic, 2-input NAND Schmitt trigger gates as shown in the following figure. It is possible to operate the four NAND gates separately or collectively. The individual logic gates of the IC 4093 works in the following manner. As you can see each gate has two inputs (A […]
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Point Contact Diodes [History, Construction, Application Circuit]
In this article I will comprehensively explain about the early point contact diodes, and their modern versions which are Germanium diodes. Here I have explained the following facts: Brief history of point contact diodes Construction of point contact diodes and modern Germanium diodes Advantages of point contact diodes or Germanium diodes Applications of Germanium Diodes […]
Ion Detector Circuit [Static Discharge Detector]
The following post discusses a simple ion detector circuit which can be used for detecting positive and negative ions generated by high voltage circuits. This device can be also used for detecting static discharges in the atmosphere. Static discharge is normally emitted by high voltage sources such as sparks, arcing etc. It may be also […]
Blinking LED Circuit using LDR and Resistors
This is perhaps the most simplest looking LED flasher that does not depend on any semiconductor. This LED blinker circuit utilizes ordinary passive components like a few resistors, a capacitor and an LDR. Meaning, this LED flasher does not depend on transistors or ICs to create the blinking effect. Circuit Description The LED-LDR combination is […]
Whistle Activated Switch Circuit
In this post I have explained how to build a simple whistle sound operated relay circuit, which can be used for switching ON/OFF a 220 V load through whistle sounds. You can consider this circuit to be a whistle operated remote control circuit which will operate a connected load remotely through the sound of whistling. […]
AC Ammeter Circuit for Measuring Current across 220 V Appliances
In this article I have explained how to build a simple AC ammeter circuit which can be used for checking the current consumption of household 220 V or 120 V appliances. The main reason for high monthly utility bills is the use of large electrical equipment like refrigerators, washers and dryers, dishwashers, etc. These appliances […]