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Transistor

Transistor Relay Driver Circuit with Formula and Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 131 Comments

Relaydriver

In this article we will comprehensively study a transistor relay driver circuit and learn how to design its configuration by calculating the parameters through formulas. Importance of Relay Relays are one of the most important components in electronic circuits. Especially in circuits where high power transfer or mains AC load switching is involved, relays play […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Driver, Formula, Relay, Transistor

How to Replace a Transistor (BJT) with a MOSFET

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 77 Comments

pinout

In this post I have explained the method of correctly replacing a BJT with a MOSFET, without affecting the final outcome of the circuit. Introduction Until MOSFETs arrived in the field of electronics, transistors or BJTs to be precise ruled the power switching circuits and applications. Though even Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) can not be […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: BJT, MOSFET, Replace, Transistor

How to Use Resistors with LED, Zener and Transistor

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 56 Comments

circuit2

In this post I have explained how to use resistors while designing an electronic circuits using LEDs, zener diodes, or transistors. This article can be very useful for the new hobbyists who normally get confused with the resistor values to be used for a specific component and for the desired application. What is a Resistor […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: LED, Resistors, Transistor, Zener

Bipolar Transistor (BJT) – Construction, and Operational Details

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 6 Comments

1

A bipolar transistor or a BJT is a 3 terminal semiconductor device which is able to amplify or switch small signal input voltages and currents to significantly larger output signal voltages and currents. How Bipolar Junction Transistor BJTs Evolved During 1904–1947, the vacuum tube was unquestionably the electronic device of great curiosity and growth. In 1904, […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Bipolar, BJT, Construction, Details, Operational, Transistor

Transistor Common Collector

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 5 Comments

common collector

A BJT common collector amplifier is a circuit in which the collector and the base of the BJT share a common input supply, hence the name common collector. In our previous articles we have learned the other two transistor configurations, namely the common-base and the common-emitter. In this article I have explained the third and […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Collector, Common, Transistor

How to Troubleshoot Transistor (BJT) Circuits Correctly

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 9 Comments

checking DC level of Vbe

Troubleshooting BJT circuits is basically a process of identifying the electrical faults in the network using multimeters across the various nodes in the circuit. BJT troubleshooting techniques is a huge topic and therefore including 100 % solutions and strategies can be perhaps difficult within a single article. Basically, the user should know about a handful […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: BJT, Circuits, Correctly, Transistor, Troubleshoot

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