In this post I have explained how to build and optimize 5 useful IC 555 oscillator circuits, whose waveforms can be further enhanced for generating complex sound effects. Overview The basic mode that is normally employed for making IC 555 oscillators is the astable circuit mode. If we look at the astable circuit shown below, […]
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10 Best Timer Circuit Diagrams using IC 555
The circuits I have explained here are 10 best small timer circuits using the versatile chip IC 555, which generates predetermined time intervals in response to momentary input triggers. The time intervals can be used for keeping a relay controlled load ON or activated for the desired amount of time and an automatic switch OFF […]
Laughter Sound Simulator Circuit
As the name suggests, this device generates electronic sound, resembling human laughter. BASIC DESIGN To enable the circuit start the proposed operations, it must have a fundamental sound input or frequency for processing. This basic frequency is established through a simple oscillator operating at 1 kHz frequency. The next, requirement would be to process this […]
Photodiode, Phototransistor – Working and Application Circuits
Photodiodes and phototransistors are semiconductor devices which have their p-n semiconductor junction exposed to light through a transparent cover, so that external light can react and force an electrical conduction through the junction. How Photodiodes Work A photodiode is just like a regular semiconductor diode (example 1N4148) consisting of a p-n junction, but it has […]
Ice Warning Circuit for Automobiles
Devices that react to variations in atmosphere or fluid heat are simple to construct due to the easy availability of thermistors. This car ice warning circuit explains how to implement a thermistor like a transducer in a circuit that continuously blinks a warning lamp as soon as the atmospheric temperature drops to around 0 °C. […]
Optocoupler Circuits, Working, Characteristics, Interfacing
OPTOCOUPLERS OR OPTOISOLATORS are devices that enable efficient transmission of DC signal and other data across two circuit stages, and also simultaneously maintain an excellent level of electrical isolation between them. Optocouplers become specifically useful where an electrical signal is required to be sent across two circuit stages, but with an extreme degree of electrical […]