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Diagrams

10 Simple LED Chaser Circuit Diagrams Explained [Knight Rider, Scanner, Reverse-Forward, Cascaded]

Last Updated on June 1, 2026 by Swagatam 178 Comments

knight rider 2

In this article I have explained the construction of 10 interesting yet simple LED chaser circuits, which not only create beautiful running light effect but are also easy to build. We also discuss how to modify these into a design popularly known as “knight rider” chaser circuit. These primarily incorporate LEDs as well as mains […]

Filed Under: Lamps and Lights Tagged With: Chaser, Diagrams, Explained, Knight, LED, Simple

10 Automatic Emergency Light Circuit Diagrams Explain

Last Updated on June 1, 2026 by Swagatam 282 Comments

In this article I have explained 10 simple automatic emergency light circuits using high bright LEDs. This circuit can be used during power failures and outdoors where any other source of power might be unavailable. What’s an Emergency Lamp An emergency light is a circuit which automatically switches ON a battery operated lamp as soon […]

Filed Under: Lamps and Lights Tagged With: Automatic, Diagrams, Emergency, Explain, Light

Understanding Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors with Diagrams and Formulas

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

calculation

In this post I am going to explain pull-Up resistor and pull-down resistor, why they are commonly used in electronic circuits, what happens to electronic circuits without Pull-Up or Pull-down resistor, and How to calculate Pull-Up and Pull-down resistor values and finally we will see about open collector configuration. How Logic Inputs and Outputs Work […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Diagrams, Down, Formulas, Pull, Resistors, Understanding

10 Useful Active Filter Circuit Diagrams Explored

Last Updated on May 15, 2026 by Swagatam 15 Comments

Figure1

In this post I will comprehensively discuss 10 different types of active filter circuits which can be used for filtering music and audio with the desired levels of bass and treble effects. We also learn about their working, types, characteristics, and practical applications circuits. Contributed By: Ken Madison In audio signal processing circuits, filters are used […]

Filed Under: Audio and Amplifier Projects Tagged With: Active, Diagrams, Explored, Filter, Useful

10 Useful Function Generator Circuit Diagrams Explained

Last Updated on February 27, 2026 by Swagatam 27 Comments

function generator circuit

In this post I have explained how to build 10 simple yet useful function generator circuits using IC 4049, IC 8038, IC 741, IC 7400, transistors, UJTs etc. for generating accurate square waves, triangle waves, and sinewaves through easy switch operations. 1) Using IC 4049 Using only one low-cost CMOS IC 4049 and a handful […]

Filed Under: Meters and Testers Tagged With: Diagrams, Explained, function, Generator, Useful

10 Simple FM Transmitter Circuit Diagrams Explained

Last Updated on January 2, 2026 by Swagatam 132 Comments

two transistor FM transmitter

An FM transmitter circuit is a high frequency wireless device which is able to transmit voice signals into atmosphere so that it can be received by a corresponding FM receiver circuit for reproducing the voice signals in a loudspeaker. Here we’ll discuss how to build small FM transmitter circuits using 10 different methods, one that […]

Filed Under: Wireless Circuits Tagged With: Diagrams, Explained, FM, Simple, Transmitter

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