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How to Design a Buck Converter Circuit: Formulas and Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 67 Comments

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In this post I have explained the method of designing buck converter circuits by calculating all the required parameters, in order to ensure an optimal performance from these devices. We take the example of IC 555 buck converter typologies, and try to understand the optimizing techniques through equations and manual adjustments, for achieving the most […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Buck, Calculations, Converter, Design, Formulas

Darlington Transistor Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 11 Comments

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Darlington transistor is a well known and popular connection using a pair of bipolar transistor junction transistor (BJT), designed for operating like an unified “superbeta” transistor. The following diagram shows the details of the connection. Definition A Darlington transistor can be defined as a connection between two BJTs that allows them to form a single […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculations, Darlington, Transistor

Long Duration Timer Circuit using IC 4541: Working and Calculations

Last Updated on April 15, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

The CD4541B is a CMOS programmable timer IC, and we use it where long delay interval is needed for a load, and also for jobs like frequency division, or timing pulse work. And all this happens with only just a few outside parts, not much around it. With ordinary IC 555, when delay becomes too […]

Filed Under: Timer and Delay Relay Tagged With: 4541, Calculations, Duration, Long, Timer, Working

How to Build a Boost Converter Circuit: Explained with Calculations

Last Updated on July 5, 2025 by Swagatam 186 Comments

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I have explained comprehensively how to build a boost converter circuit for converting a low level DC voltage inputs to a higher level DC voltage outputs. I have furnished all the required calculations s that you can design a customized boost converter circuit. A Practical Boost Converter Circuit Design using IC 555 This simple circuit […]

Filed Under: SMPS and Converters Tagged With: Boost, Build, Calculations, Converter, Explained

Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Explained with Calculations

Last Updated on November 4, 2021 by Swagatam 11 Comments

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A Wheatstone Bridge circuit is commonly used to measure resistance, inductance, capacitance, and impedance. These are made up of four parts or arms that are joined in series in a diamond like bridge configuration. These four arms carry the individual components such as resistor, inductor or capacitor connected across the fur junctions. An alternating current (AC) or […]

Filed Under: Meters and Testers Tagged With: Bridge, Calculations, Circuits, Explained, Wheatstone

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