A transistor or BJT multivibrator is a two-stage switching circuit that is configured in a cross-coupled manner. This allows each of the active BJT stages to be regeneratively cross-coupled with the other BJT stage, so that one switches ON when the other switches OFF, and vice versa. This cross-coupling may be set up to switch either a […]
Circuits
5 Easy 1 Watt LED Driver Circuits
In this post I have explained about a few easy to build, compact 1 watt LED bulb circuits. The first circuit is SMPS based, the second design uses a capacitive power supply, while the remaining concepts show how to used a DC source to illuminate a 1 watt LED. Warning: Many of the circuits I […]
CMOS Astable, Bistable, Monostable Circuits Explained
In this article I have explained how to use the low-cost CD4001 and CD4011 quad 2-input gate CMOS integrated circuits in bistable, astable, and monostable multivibrator applications through forty different manners. We also learn how to enhance and modify these configurations to produce highly improved outputs from these multivibrators. When CMOS logic gates are configured […]
Digital-to-Analog (DAC), Analog-to-Digital (ADC) Converter Circuits Explained
A digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a circuit designed to convert a digital input signal into an analog output signal. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) works in the opposite way and transforms an analog input signal into a digital output. In this article I will comprehensively discuss how digital to analog, and analog to digital converter circuits work, using diagrams and formulas. In […]
3 Simple Frequency Counter Circuits Discussed
In this post we are going learn how to construct 3 different frequency counter circuits using ordinary components and ICs which will showcase the measured frequency on 7 segment displays. The first circuit which uses 4026 ICs can measure frequencies up to 1 MHz and the circuit is user calibrated. We will Learn About: Block […]
Automotive LED Driver Circuits – Design Analysis
In cars or automobiles, LEDs have grown to be the preferred choice of lighting. Whether it’s the rear tail-lights or the tell-tale indicators in the cluster as indicated in Figure 1 below, all incorporate LEDs nowadays. Their compact dimensions helps versatility in design and offers the prospective to be as durable as the vehicle’s life […]