In this article I will comprehensively explain everything regarding how to read and understand capacitor codes and markings through various diagrams and charts. The information can be used for identifying and selecting capacitors correctly for a given circuit application. By Surbhi Prakash Capacitor Codes and associated Markings The various parameters of the capacitors such as […]
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BJT Emitter-Follower – Working, Application Circuits
In this post I have explained how to use a transistor emitter follower configuration in practical electronic circuits, we study this through a few different example application circuits. An emitter follower is one of the standard transistor configurations which is also referred to as common collector transistor configuration. Let’s try to first understand what’s an […]
Understanding Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors with Diagrams and Formulas
In this post I am going to explain pull-Up resistor and pull-down resistor, why they are commonly used in electronic circuits, what happens to electronic circuits without Pull-Up or Pull-down resistor, and How to calculate Pull-Up and Pull-down resistor values and finally we will see about open collector configuration. How Logic Inputs and Outputs Work […]
How to Make a Zero Crossing Detector Circuit
Making a zero crossing detector circuit is actually very easy and it could be effectively applied for protecting sensitive electronic equipment against mains switch ON surges. A zero crossing detector circuit is mainly used for protecting electronic devices from switch ON surges by ensuring that during power switch ON the mains phase always “enters’ the […]
How Electret Microphones Work – Full Tutorial and Diagram
In this post I have explained how electret microphone devices work, through appropriate diagrams and formulas. What’s a Microphone A microphone is a device designed for transforming weak sound vibrations into tiny electrical pulses, which can be then amplified through a power amplifier over a loudspeaker for achieving a louder reproduction of the sound. The […]
How a Relay Works – How to Connect N/O, N/C Pins
An electrical relay consists of a electromagnet and a spring loaded changeover contacts. When the electromagnet is switched ON/OFF with a DC supply, the spring loaded mechanism is corresponding pulled and released by this electromagnet, enabling a changeover across the end terminals of these contacts. An external electrical load connected across these contacts are subsequently […]