OPTOCOUPLERS OR OPTOISOLATORS are devices that enable efficient transmission of DC signal and other data across two circuit stages, and also simultaneously maintain an excellent level of electrical isolation between them. Optocouplers become specifically useful where an electrical signal is required to be sent across two circuit stages, but with an extreme degree of electrical […]
Working
Photodiode, Phototransistor – Working and Application Circuits
Photodiodes and phototransistors are semiconductor devices which have their p-n semiconductor junction exposed to light through a transparent cover, so that external light can react and force an electrical conduction through the junction. How Photodiodes Work A photodiode is just like a regular semiconductor diode (example 1N4148) consisting of a p-n junction, but it has […]
Reed Switch – Working, Application Circuits
In this post I will comprehensively explain about reed switch functioning, and how to make simple reed switch circuits. What is Reed Switch Reed switch also called reed relay, is a low current magnetic switch with a concealed pair of contacts that close and open in response to magnetic field near it. The contacts are […]
Diac – Working and Application Circuits
The diac is a two-terminal device having a combination of parallel-inverse semiconductor layers, which allows the device to be triggered through both directions regardless of the supply polarity. Diac Characteristics The characteristics of a typical diac can be seen in the following Figure, which distinctly reveals the presence of a breakover voltage in across both […]
What is IGBT: Working, Switching Characteristics, SOA, Gate Resistor, Formulas
IGBT stands for Insulated-gate-Bipolar-Transistor, a power semiconductor which includes the features of a MOSFET’s high speed, voltage dependent gate switching, and the minimal ON resistance (low saturation voltage) properties of a BJT. Figure 1 exhibits IGBT equivalent circuit, where a bipolar transistor works with a MOS gate architect, while the similar IGBT circuit is actually […]
Inductor Working and Designing, with Formulas
In this post I have explained all the basics of inductors, its working principle, and how to design inductors with the help of formulas and calculations. Inductors are vastly used from mobile, laptop chargers to high-end communication equipment like mobile base stations to the satellites orbiting the earth. Let us take a deep dive into […]