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USB Isolator Diagram and Working

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 14 Comments

usb2Bisolator

The following email discussions were sent to me by Mr John Sweden who is one of the avid readers of this blog, here he explains about an USB isolator device, and how it may be incorporated while using an oscilloscope with a PC, in order to safeguard the oscilloscope and the test circuit from accidental […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Isolator, USB, Working

BJT Emitter-Follower – Working, Application Circuits

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 12 Comments

In this post I have explained how to use a transistor emitter follower configuration in practical electronic circuits, we study this through a few different example application circuits. An emitter follower is one of the standard transistor configurations which is also referred to as common collector transistor configuration. Let’s try to first understand what’s an […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Application, BJT, Circuits, Emitter, Follower, Working

Digital Buffer – Working, Definition, Truth Table, Double Inversion, Fan-out

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

digital buffer

A buffer stage basically a reinforced intermediate stage which allows the input current to reach the output without getting affected by the output loading. In this post I will try to explain what digital buffers are, and we will be taking a look at its definition, symbol, truth table, double inversion using logic “NOT” gate, […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Buffer, Definition, Digital, Table, Truth, Working

Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes – Working and Operational Details

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 13 Comments

example 22.1

In this post I will elaborately explain how Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes (CRO) work and its internal construction. We will also learn how to use a CRO using the various controls and understand the graphical representations of the various input signals on the display screen of the scope. Importance of Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes (CRO) We know that majority […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Cathode, Details, Operational, Oscilloscopes, Working

Tunnel Diode – Working and Application Circuit

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 1 Comment

tunnel diode response to forward bias

A tunnel diode is a type of semiconductor diode which features a negative resistance on account of a quantum mechanical effect known as tunneling. In this post I have explained the basic characteristics and working of tunnel diodes, and also a simple application circuit using this device. We will see how a tunnel diode could […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Application, Diode, Tunnel, Working

Triacs – Working and Application Circuits

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 31 Comments

triac AC

A triac can be compared to a latching relay. It will instantly switch ON and close as soon as it’s triggered, and will remain closed as long as the supply voltage remains above zero volts or the supply polarity is not changed. If the supply is an AC (alternating current), the triac will open during […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Application, Circuits, Triacs, Working

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