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Digital

Digital Buffer – Working, Definition, Truth Table, Double Inversion, Fan-out

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 2 Comments

digital buffer

A buffer stage basically a reinforced intermediate stage which allows the input current to reach the output without getting affected by the output loading. In this post I will try to explain what digital buffers are, and we will be taking a look at its definition, symbol, truth table, double inversion using logic “NOT” gate, […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Buffer, Definition, Digital, Table, Truth, Working

Digital-to-Analog (DAC), Analog-to-Digital (ADC) Converter Circuits Explained

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 4 Comments

ladder formula

A digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a circuit designed to convert a digital input signal into an analog output signal. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) works in the opposite way and transforms an analog input signal into a digital output. In this article I will comprehensively discuss how digital to analog, and analog to digital converter circuits work, using diagrams and formulas. In […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: ADC, Analog, Circuits, Converter, DAC, Digital

12 Basic Digital Logic Circuits Explored

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

Fig1a

In the following paragraphs I will try to explain the most basic foundations of digital electronic circuits: namely logic gates and logic flip-flops. Whether it is a complex and larger digital circuits, or as simple as a BCD counter, for example the 7490, or a large-scale integration (LSI) microprocessor chip, eventually all of these comprise […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Basic, Circuits, Digital, Explored, Logic

Modify Human Speech with this Digital Voice Changer Circuit

Last Updated on May 15, 2026 by Swagatam 24 Comments

voicechangercircuit

In this post I have explained a voice modulator circuit which will change or transform an individuals unique voice into a completely new form. The new voice will be different to the original voice tone and unrecognizable. The Circuit Concept The characteristic tone of  every individuals voice is specifically unique in all circumstances. How often […]

Filed Under: Audio and Amplifier Projects Tagged With: Changer, Digital, Human, Modify, Speech, Voice

Digital Theremin Circuit – Make Music with your Hands

Last Updated on May 15, 2026 by Swagatam 7 Comments

theremin block

Named after its creator, the theremin originated in the Soviet Union in the beginning of 1920’s. This comprised of a container installed with a couple of antennas. It did not have any keyboard to play, no strings like in guitars. Rather, the theremin made use of human body capacitance to manipulate the volume and the […]

Filed Under: Audio and Amplifier Projects Tagged With: Digital, Hands, Music, Theremin

Digital Weighing Scale Using Load Cell and Arduino

Last Updated on May 14, 2026 by Swagatam 10 Comments

Circuit

In this post I have explained about strain gauge based load cell. We will be exploring what Strain Gauge is, what Load Cell is, temperature effect on strain gauge, temperature compensation with Wheatstone bridge and Load cell amplifier HX711, and finally I have explained how to build an Arduino based weighing scale machine by implementing […]

Filed Under: Arduino Projects Tagged With: Arduino, Cell, Digital, Load, Scale, Weighing

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