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Simple 3 Phase Inverter Circuit

Simple 3 Phase Inverter Circuit

Updated:

The post discuses the how to make a 3 phase inverter circuit which can be used in conjunction with any ordinary single phase square wave inverter circuit. The circuit was requested by one of the interested readers of this blog.

UPDATE: Looking for an Arduino based design? You may find this one useful:

Arduino 3 phase inverter

The Circuit Concept

A 3 phase load can be operated from a single phase inverter by employing the following explained circuit stages.



Basically the involved stages can be divided into three groups:

The first diagram below shows the PWM generator stage, it may be understood with the following points:

The Oscillator and the PWM Stage

The IC 4047 is wired as a standard flip flop output generator at the rate of the desired mains frequency set by VR1 and C1.

The dimensioned push-pull PWM now becomes available at the E/C junction of the two BC547 transistors.
This PWM is applied to the input of the 3 phase generator explained in the next section.

4047 3 phase Inverter Circuit

The following circuit shows a simple three phase generator circuit which converters the above input push-pull signal into 3 discrete outputs, phase shifted by 120 degrees.

These outputs are further bifurcated by individual push-pull stages made from a NOT gates stages. These 3 discrete  120 degree phase shifted, push pull PWMs now become the feeding input signals (HIN, LIN) for the final 3 phase driver stage explained below.

This signal generator uses a single 12V supply and not a dual supply.

Complete explanation can be found in this 3 phase signal generator article

3 phase signal generator using LM324 IC

The circuit below shows a 3 phase inverter inverter circuit stage using H-bridge mosfets configuration which receives the phase shifted PWMs from the above stage and converts them into corresponding high voltage AC outputs for operating the connected 3 phase load, normally this would be a 3 phase motor.

The 330 high voltage across the indivdual mosfet drivers sections is obtained from any standard single phase inverter integrated across the shown mosfets drains for powering the desired 3 phase load.

The 3-Phase Full-Bridge Driver Stage

Simple effective 3 phase inverter circuit

In the above 3 phase generator circuit (second last diagram) using a sine wave doesn't make sense because the 4049 would ultimately convert it into square waves, and moreover the driver ICs in the last design employ digital ICs which will not respond to sine waves.

Therefore a better idea is to use a 3 phase square wave signal generator for feeding the last driver stage.

You may refer the article which explains how to make a 3 phase solar inverter circuit for understanding the 3 phase signal generator stage functioning and implementation details.

Using IC IR2103

A relatively simpler version of the above 3 phase inverter circuit can be studied below, using the IC IR2103 half bridge driver ICS. This version lacks the shut down feature, therefore if you do not wish to incorporate the shut down feature, you can try the following simpler design.

3 phase inverter using IC IR2103(S)PBF

Simplifying the Above Designs

In the above explained 3-phase inverter circuit, the 3-phase generator stage looks unnecessarily complex, and therefore I decided to look for an alternative easier option for replacing this specific section.

After some searching I found the following interesting 3 phase generator circuit which looks pretty easy and and straightforward with its settings.

opamp 120 degree phase shift 3 phase generator circuit

Therefore now you can simply replace the earlier explained IC 4047 and the opamp section entirely and integrate this design with HIN, LIN inputs f the 3 phase driver circuit.

But remember you will have to still use the N1----N6 gates between this new circuit and the full bridge driver circuit.

Making a Solar 3 Phase Inverter Circuit

So far we have learned how to make a basic 3 phase inverter circuit, now we'll see how a solar inverter with a 3 phase output can be built using very ordinary ICs and passive components.

The concept is basically the same, I have just changed the 3 phase generator stage for the application.

Inverter Basic Requirement

For acquiring a 3 phase AC output from any single phase or a DC source we would require three fundamental circuit stages:

  1. A 3 phase generator or processor circuit
  2. A 3 phase driver power stage circuit.
  3. A boost converter circuit
  4. Solar Panel (appropriately Rated)

To learn how to match a solar panel with battery and inverter, you can read the following tutorial:

Calculate solar Panels for Inverters

One good example may be studied in this article which explains a simple 3 phase inverter circuit

In the present design we too incorporate these three basic stages, let's first learn regarding the 3 phase generator processor circuit from the following discussion:

CD 4035 based 3 phase converter circuit oscillator

How it Works

The diagram above shows the basic processor circuit which looks complex but actually it's not. The circuit is made up of three sections, the IC 555 which determines the 3 phase frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), the IC 4035 which splits the frequency into the required 3 phases separated by a phase angle of 120 degrees.

R1, R2 and C must be appropriately selected for acquiring a 50 Hz or 60 Hz frequency at 50% duty cycle.

8 numbers NOT gates from N3 to N8 can be seen incorporated simply for splitting the generated three phases into pairs of high and low logic outputs.

These NOT gates may be acquired from two 4049 ICs.

These pairs of high and low outputs across the shown NOT gates become essential for feeding our next 3 phase driver power stage.

The following explanation details the solar 3 phase power mosfet driver circuit

solar 3 phase inverter circuit

Note: The shut down pin must be connected to the ground line if not used, otherwise the circuit will not work

As may be seen in the above figure, this section is built across 3 separate half bridge driver ICs using IRS2608 which are specialized for driving high side and low side mosfet pairs.

The configuration looks quite straightforward, thanks to this highly sophisticated driver IC from International rectifier.

Each IC stage has its own HIN (high In) and LIN (low In) input pins and also their respective supply Vcc/ground pins.

All the Vcc are required to be joined together and connected with the 12V supply line of the first circuit (pin4/8 of IC555), so that all the circuit stages become accessible to the 12V supply derived from the solar panel.

Similarly all the ground pins and lines must be made into a common rail.

The HIN and LIN should be joined with the outputs generated from the NOT gates as specified in the second diagram.

The above arrangement takes care of the 3 phase processing and amplification, however since the 3 phase output should be at the mains level and a solar panel could be rated at a maximum of 60V, we must have an arrangement that would enable boosting this low 60 volts solar panel to the required 220V or 120V level.

Using IC 555 Based Flyback Buck/Boost Converter

This can be easily implemented through a simple 555 IC based boost converter circuit as may be studied below:

flyback boost converter for solar 3 phase inverter

Again, the shown configuration of the 60V to 220V boost converter looks not so difficult, and can be constructed using very ordinary components.

The IC 555 is configured as an astable with a frequency of approximately 20 to 50 kHz. This frequency is fed to the gate of a switching mosfet via a push pull BJT stage.

The heart of the boost circuit is formed with the help of a compact ferrite core transformer which receives the driving frequency from the mosfet and converter the 60V input into the required 220V output.

This 220V DC is finally attached with the previously explained mosfet driver stage across the drains of the 3 phase mosfets for achieving the 220V 3 phase output.

The boost converter transformer can be built on any suitable EE core/bobbin assembly using 1mm 50 turns primary (two 0.5mm bifilar magnet wire in parallel), and secondary using o.5 mm magnet wire with 200 turns

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About the Author

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials. If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!



151 thoughts on “Simple 3 Phase Inverter Circuit”

  1. Howdy, Friend! Interested to Learn Circuit Designing? Let's Start Discussing below!

  6. Can I use 33883 ic is a h-bridge driver ic
    In respect of other half bridge driver ic
    Please sir I am very upset

        • Abhishek,
          you will have to make a 3-phase generator circuit first and then feed the 3 phase signal to the HIN, LIN inputs of the IC.

          • Sir I’m already complete three phase signal generations stage
            But problems sir how connect HIN and LIN in which pin of 33883ic
            Because thise is the new ic
            Only one ic use or three ic use or how is as full bridge driver

            • I am sorry, your IC is not a 3 phase driver, it is only a full-bridge driver IC, I mistakenly assumed it to be a 3 phase…if you are trying to search for 3 phase driver IC, then you must Google “3-phase driver IC”

              By the way I had told you to search for a “half bridge driver IC” not full bridge IC…so please search for alternative “half bridge driver ICs” and then you can use 3 of these ICs to build a 3 phase inverter by integrating a 3 phase signals

  8. Sir
    What is working of h bridge driver ic
    After three phase generations stage
    Why I can’t give these to mosfet
    Please tell me sir and working of h bridge driver ic

    • The driver IC performs complex processing for activating the high side mosfets, necessary for operating a full bridge network…without these operations a full bridge cannot work

  10. Sir what i do
    Power driver ic2103 and any driver ic
    Are not available in the market

    Sir please give any other ic solution for three phase inverter 12v dc to 240v AC

  12. sir, I have seen a new diagram that you have designed, you can see that you do not need the ci 4049 to make the high and low outputs in the inverter design. I’m going to try this new circuit. the lady changed the ci before was an ir2110 now I see an ir2103 has any difference between them tks

    • Lord I’m sorry for writing because I’m Brazilian and we talked through translation on LINE so there may be difficulty understanding the words okay good night

    • Bruno, It may work without 4049 but it is recommended for accurate functioning of the circuit, because the driver IC is a digital IC, therefore the input signals must be also perfectly digital or logical.

      The two ICs are exactly similar, but IR2103 is the simpler version and it does not have the shut down pin, the IR2110 has the shut down pin option, so if you do not wish to include shut down feature, then IR203 can be used.

      https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/ir2103.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a4015355c7b54b166f

      • Dear sir, I have need a 24v dc to 400v ac 50 Hz 2kw inverter for induction motor. How possible to get it. There is a mosfet drive 3 phase inverter that you have given. May I use this circuit for my demand ? If possible, which quality mosfet need for output 400v ac / 2kw. Sir please help me. Thanks. Aristarcus.

        • Hi Aristarcus, yes you can use the circuit for driving any 3 phase motor, just make sure the mosfets are appropriately rated as per the motor ratings

  14. Thank you master, see if you’re sure I’ll do it okay.
    1 calculate the resistor oara the voltage drop from 120 vac to 12 dc
    2 put a rectifier diode on the end of each phase then I’ll enter the gates of ci 4049 for the alteas and low entrances ok ??

        • Good morning sir I doubt in the three-phase generator circuit I saw that it found a simpler circuit in its searches I would like to know where I would enter the pwm pulse generator made with c i 4047

          I can use the original circuit that you did with the ci 324 it works correctly ???

          • Good Morning Bruno, the PWM pulse will need to be inserted to the low side mosfets, it cannot be inserted to the IC 4047 stage….first try the LM324 generator separately if you succeed then you can proceed.

  16. Good morning, Mr. Swagatam, thanks for the help in the engine reversal !!
    but I have another doubt I would use the circuit with a three-phase network could explain how the circuit would be because the three-phase simulator would be removed and would be only the ckt pwm and the high voltage

    • Good morning Bruno, you can remove the entire 3phase generator stage and feed the HIN and LIN with rectified DC from the available 3 phase supply.

      you can use resistive divider network for dropping the high 3 phase signal into 12V low voltage 3 phase signal and feed them across the HIN LIN inputs.

  18. Good morning, I’m sorry for the posting of the article. I have a question with this circuit, how can I reverse this engine?

    • for reversing the motor, you can reverse the 3 phase sequencing through a TPTT switch or 3 pole 3 way switch connected across the HIN, LIN inputs

  20. Sir output of LM 324 pin no 7,8,14 give output to six mosfet
    What next step I do for voltage 240v at the output of three phase.
    Power driver is necessary for this ?please tell me about this power driver ic

    • Hi Abhishek, sorry what are you trying to make with the opamps? are you trying to make the 3-phase generator?…you will have to check/confirm each and every stage separately, very carefully and with full understanding otherwise you can never succeed…this project is for the experts who have advanced knowledge of electronics, so proceed with caution

  28. Good day please can you give me a circuit that will convert 220vdc to 12vdc at 1amp maximum to be used in powering the
    The PWM generator circuit
    The 3 phase signal generator circuit
    The mosfet driver circuit
    thanks

  30. Hi, good website and lots of innovative ideas. My question is this, Is it possible to design a simple 3 phase inverter that produces true sinwave output? I have a few old 3 phase machines that I would like to use. I don’t need a varible speed design and the motors are about 1kw each. What are your thoughts? Many thanks, Chris.

  34. hai sir, i have done with first PWM circuit with IC 4047 ,555 IC and i used resistor Ra 100k , Rb 200k and capacitance C 10uf near 555IC and finally output is 280khz. i have no idea what exact to be use here .so plz help to know the exact value to that resistor and capacitor in order to get output in 50hz.

  36. sir pl provide your email id….i send my Doc file…
    Sir i have using op amp for compare to sine wave and triangular wave…and than gate pluse are in mosfet circuit….and than V/F ratio find and load is motor joint…
    so pl help me

    • Hello Bhavya, you can try the concept which is explained in the above article, for the 3 phase generator you can use the last circuit using 3 opamps…if you have any specific questions you can feel free to ask them through comments.

  42. Dear sir thank you for your great service and let me know please how to use GIPN3H60 FOR THIS CIRCUIT can you post here or my email mptmsr@gmail.com its i found form barrier gate need to repair forward/rev

    • It's my pleasure Pathmasiri, that looks like a beautiful and very simple to implement IC, I'll definitely introduce this chip in my website soon, through a new article.

      By the way you just have to apply an alternating 3 phase signal across the shown LIN HIN inputs of the IC, exactly as explained in the above article…..and you can get the results by directly connecting your motor across the shown outputs since it already incorporates built in mosfets.

  44. hi how are u?
    i want to make 3phase inverter by avr. my question is how many spwm signal i need? 3 or 6?

    • Athri, it might create some noise, but that can be corrected by adding a capacitor across each of the wires and the "earthing" line.

  54. Im extremely thankful to u for sharing this over internet.. This ws very helpful for me to do my studies.. I have few doubts regarding this. Is it possible to change the duty ratio and the switching frequency as per our requirement? If yes can u plz explain in simple words? Thankyou

  62. HI.
    i want to make three-phase inverter with output : 115v 400hz and input :28 vdc
    can you help to to do this? what is the circuit?

  68. sir, i'm making a three phase inverter. So far I have made a simple gate driver circuit and I can switch each individual IGBT perfectly. But while making three legs of the inverter how should I connect them. Should I use bootstrap capacitor?

    • Amit, you will have to make an ordinary single phase inverter, then rectify its 330V AC to 330V DC and use it with the full bridge circuit for getting the required three phase output….the 3 phase from the mosfet/IGBT bridge can be directly used for operating the 3 phase load

  74. Hello Sir,
    I was hoping to use this circuit power a 3phase 240vac motor from 12vdc. Will this circuit work for me? What sort of modifications will I need to make to change it from 330v to 240v?
    Thank you for this guide, Super helpful.

  78. dear sir
    since i have put all the components to circuit but i am not getting the o/p as 12v y please suggest me wat values of components if put i would get 12v.

  84. Sir, If I need 3 phase inverter with 100Hz to the motor, how much the frequency input of my inverter?, I can imagine only if push pull inverter the input is 2X then output, isn't it?, thanks in advanced.

    • Ronald, which circuit are referring to? if it's the 4047 circuit above, then it should be 100Hz for your application.

    • shut down pin can be left unconnected, it must be used only if an automatic output correction is required or for any similar protection switching.

  90. Hello sir,
    in order to perform the three phase to 2 phase conversion by d-q transformation. then how it will be implemented in hardware. please do the needful. Can you provide me your email id??

    • Hello Neeta, I can't produce the calculation for the proposed circuit, since the design is a square wave inverter and the stages are all digital I don't think the dqo transformation would be relevant, even if it is so I have no idea how to do it for the presented design.
      my email can be found in the contact page, at the top

  92. I am working on 3 phase inverter I have simulated above circuit in proteus.
    i gave sine wave as input to lm 324 accordingly i get 3 phase voltage but when this output i given to ic4049 i didnt get any output.

  96. Hello sir I've foud your post ver6 useful to me but a little confused you'd used 555 timer with first 4047 but in after corection you didn't add 555 timer…..why……thank again for such useful post

    • Thank you Muhammad, the 555 IC stage is for inserting PWM into the inverter in order to make the waveforms modified sine waves,

      I did not include it in the revised diagram just to keep it simple, you can add it if you want across the HIN, LIN inputs of the driver IC.

  106. Hi sir… I want to convert single phase 240v to 3 phase to drive half HP AC induction motor.. On which point i have to make changes

    • Hi Sagar, for your application you just have to use the last and the second last circuits, however the output will not be a sine wave, rather a square wave.

  110. hi sir,
    i am going to do project under power electronics.i have to design 3-phase inverter.do i have to use IGBT driver for the circuit to work.

  114. Hello sir I want to design an 3ph inverter circuit using mosfet, so can you tell me what are the components specification for building this circuit .
    Regards.

  116. With the value of a few component i'm lost:

    1). R1, P1 from the square wave generator?
    2). rectifier bridge used for the supply of the motor
    3). the driver transistors

    Thanks

    • 1) R1 and P1 will need to be determined by experimenting as per the desired output frequency.

      2) rectifier diode current will depend on the amp specs of the motor.

      3) you can use IRF840 for the mosfets.

  122. I HAVE PROBLEM WITH A3(LM324)..
    No Voltage on Gate 3….Output 0 Voltage with No Frequency…

    On Gate 2- Voltage 6.56 with 50Hz
    On Gate 4- Voltage -6.70 with 50Hz…

    How can I solve This…..Advance Thnx

  128. Hi i think this circuit will be good for me i would like use for 3 phase 400 volt asynchronus motor as generator for make induction in motor to generating electricity , my aim is from 12 DCvolt engine alternator who spin asynchronous motor convert to 12 v ac and with transformer make 400 v AC an this 400 ac to VDC I dont want use capacitors use between faces for that i would like electronic circuit i am little confuse thats pins SD where i should connect it ?

    • Hi, the above circuit is a 3 phase motor driver circuit from a single phase source…..so i cannot figure out how it would help your application.

      SD should connected to positive for normal operation, if it's connected to ground the whole IC freezes.

  130. Hi, maybe the High Frequency PWM signal from the 555 can be applied (through the diodes) to the outputs of the Hex Buffers, so it can quickly turn on/off the square wave signals.

    • No, that would cause oppostie responses for the NOT gate inputs….it would be more correct to connect the diodes with the shut down pins of the half bridge driver ICs, in fact diodes won't be required, pin#3 of the 555 astable could be directly integrated with the shut down pins of the driver ICs.

  134. Hi, Yes some of your points are correct, I'll reassess the above designs and look for appropriate solutions and update them soon..

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