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You are here: Home / Mini Projects / Anti Spy RF Detector Circuit – Wireless Bug Detector

Anti Spy RF Detector Circuit – Wireless Bug Detector

Last Updated on March 15, 2020 by Swagatam 29 Comments

A anti-spy or bug detector circuit is a device that detects hidden wireless electronic devices such as wireless microphones, spy cameras, Wi-Fi devices, GPS trackers or any gadget that emits some kind of radio frequency (RF).

The proposed design can be specifically used as:

  • Wi-Fi Signal Detector Circuit
  • FM Transmitter Signal Detector Circuit
  • Wi-Fi Spy Camera Detector Circuit
  • Wireless Mic Detector Circuit

Overview

Also called anti spy RF sniffer, these are usually used to scan and detect hidden electronic surveillance, that may be installed to secretly monitor a "target" or an opponent and secretly learn about their plans.

Bug devices are mostly used by detective agents, police, and secret agents for tracking the behavior of a suspected criminal, or a personal client.

The bug detector circuit presented here is exclusively developed by me, and can be used for detecting, pinpointing any hidden wireless device or unwanted surveillance planted in a room.

The hidden spy devices could be inside beds, cupboards, tables/chairs, flower pots, or in fact anywhere a normal individual would least suspect.

Identifying such hidden unwanted surveillance system can be impossible without using costly and sophisticated equipment. However, the circuit idea presented here is not only cheap to build, it also accomplishes the job with utmost perfection.

The complete circuit diagram can be seen below:

Video Test Result

Simple wireless bug detector circuit

NOTE: the sensitivity of the circuit can be adjusted to much higher levels either by increasing the 2M2 resistor value, or by adding two more op amp stages in series with the above design, since we already have two extra op amps in spare inside the IC.

Pictorial Presentation

Circuit Description

The circuit is basically built using the quad op amp IC LM324. Although the IC has 4 op amps in-built, only two op amps are actually implemented for the bug detector application.

The A1 and A2 stage are identical and both are configured as high gain inverting amplifier circuits.

Since the two amplifiers are joined in series the total gain is highly enhanced making the circuit highly sensitive to RF interference.

Basically the amplifiers work through the following steps:

  1. The antenna picks up the electrical the disturbances, sends it to the op amp amplifier A1, which amplifies it 10 to 100 times depending on the value of the feedback resistor R1.
  2. The output from A1 is sent to the next op amp A2 via C2, which blocks the DC ad allows only the picked AC frequency.
  3. A2 further amplifies the frequency 10 to 100 times depending on the resistor R4. C1 ensures stability to the op amp and avoids stray pick ups.
  4. R2, R3 ensures the op amp inputs act like differential inputs for detecting minute changes in the received electrical signals.

The circuit is so sensitive that it is easily able to detect all types of electrical noises even thunder lightning interference.

I was surprised when I saw this bug detector circuit easily picking up signals from my wireless Wi-Fi device from a distance of 2 feet. Actually, while the unit was placed on the bed, I found the LED blinking abnormally as if the circuit was unstable and malfunctioning. I was quite disappointed.

Then I picked it up and put it some distance away from the bed, and the LED just shut off. I tried placing it again on the bed and the LED started blinking again. I still couldn't figure out the reason, and thought may be the bed was acting like a large antenna and causing the disturbance.

However, finally I realized that this was happening because my internet WiFi unit was also placed on the same bed at some distance away.

I removed the WiFi device from the bed and the bug detector LED was simply shut off again.

Next, I did a number of repeat tests and was convinced that the unit was actually detecting RF, and the LED blinking wasn't due to an unstable or malfunctioning condition.

Once confirmed I built the final bug detector circuit and presented it here for your reading pleasure!

Parts List

  • R1, R4 = 2.2 Meg
  • R2, R3 = 100 K,
  • R5 = 1 K
  • C1, C2 = 0.1 uF PPC
  • A1, A2 = 1/2 LM324 op amp

LM324 pinout details can be found below:

LM324 pinout details

For further inquiries or information please use the comment box below.




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About Swagatam

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials.
If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!

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Reader Interactions

Comments

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  1. Search Related Posts for Commenting

  2. Mike Grupe says

    Hi,
    My name is Mike Grupe and I am currently studying electrical/electronics engineering at the University of Southern Queensland, Australia. I don’t have much practical electronics experience but after checking out this website – wow!!! Awesome!!! This will enhance my electronics knowledge – a big thank you, my journey in learning electronics just got a little bit easier.
    Keep up the good work.
    Thanks again,
    Mike

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Hi, thanks very much, appreciate your enthusiastic thoughts, and wish you all the best!

      Reply
  3. Robert M. Swihart says

    Sir;

    I am interested in eaves dropping detectors. I am a retired Texas Peace Officer, and I head up the security at my church.

    First: What antenna configuration or specs are required to recieve a broad range of bands, from cell phones, wifi, GPS on cars, and most things that eaves drop in an office enviroment? In other words, can I build a unit that will use one antenna, and pick up anything in this spectrum?

    Second: I would like to be able to “tune” or adjust it, to pick up such signals from about 30 feet away, and set it for a lower sensitivity as I enter the particular room, or closet the bug is broadcasting from. Is this feasible? Maybe a row of LEDs that light up in a range depending on proximity to the bug, or strength of signal.

    Respectfully,

    Retired L.E.O.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Hello Mr. Robert, I have one related circuit already posted in this website which is designed for listening to GHz bands, I got this from one of the old electronic magazines. Here’s the link of the article, I hope this does the job for you:

      https://www.homemade-circuits.com/listen-to-uhf-and-shf-ghz-bands-with-this-simple-circuit/

      Reply
  4. Satya says

    I need that one too sensitive rf detector for personal use.. can you please tell how much cost charge for making this type of rf detector .if it is possible I want to buy it if you make it for me. Contact personally on my mail.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      If you make it too sensitive, the LED will keep blinking all the time, because RF is present in our home through many different sources, from AC mains lines, from refrigerators, neighboring mobile phone calls, computer, tube lights, fan dimmer etc. Sorry I do not sell this item I can only help the user to build it personally.

      Reply
  5. Kundana.T says

    Can’t we use any other IC ?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      No, LM324 is the recommended iC.

      Reply
  6. TB14 says

    I don’t have a 324 but I have LM3900N. The pinout is different so I’ll need to make sure I have everything in the proper places. Do you think LM3900N will it work as substitute?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      I would recommend LM324 only, which will give guaranteed results, i am sire how other op amps might work.

      Reply
  7. Kundana.T says

    Can you explain me the working of each component in the circuit as I am doing my mini project on this circuit?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      I have updated the explanation in the article….

      Reply
  8. T.Kundana says

    Can you explain the circuit diagram itโ€™s quite confusing

    Can I use normal capacitors instead of ppc capacitors

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      You can use any good quality capacitor

      Reply
      • T.Kundana says

        Can you explain circuit diagram connections ?

        Reply
        • Swagatam says

          You can get more explanation here

          https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-make-cell-phone-rf-signal/

          Reply
  9. shdamaj says

    first, I want to thank for this project

    second, I couldn’t find a 2.2 M ohm resistor, so I used 3.3 M instead, so the LED won’t blink until it is in direct contact with the signal transmitter, I think I should search for 2.2 M resistor and replace them in order to increase the sensitivity, or what you do say?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      higher resistance value at the feedback will increase the sensitivity of the circuit and may make it unstable…you can use two 1M in series if you are not getting 2M2.

      Reply
  10. Frank says

    Can I use ceramic capacitors or do I absolutely need PP capacitors ??

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      PP will work better according to me

      Reply
  11. Amer says

    I want to ask ;is there high and low voltage protective circuits used 324
    220vac

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      It is there, please use the search box above to find it.

      Reply
  12. Ale Ian says

    Actually I’m having trouble figuring out how to wire any of it together. Could you possibly post a photo of the under side of the pcb to show how you connected all the components together, please? It would be very much appreciated !

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Hi, the soldering side is quite messy so it won’t help much. Instead I have updated it in the pictorial form with all the connection details. you can check it now…I hope it helps!

      Reply
      • Ale Ian says

        The pictorial is a tremendous help, thank you so much for taking the time to explain the connections!

        Reply
        • Swagatam says

          Glad it helped, wish you all the best!

          Reply
  13. John Smith says

    Any ideas on how/why it works at all?

    From purely theoretical point, it shouldn’t work, because…
    1) C1 shorts antenna input to ground in terms of AC (RF input). In case of “ideal” capacitor, 0.1uF would be pretty much negligible impedance for anything that looks like RF.
    2) Gain-bandwidth product of LM324 is nowhere close to wi-fi or cellular, it isn’t RF device on its own.
    3) There is no obvious explicit RF detector circuit either. So where does RF turns into something LM324 can process, how and why?

    As reasonable guess, “real” parts would have plenty of parasitic parameters, say, most 0.1 uF caps would have some “resonance frequency” far lower than cellular or wifi. Past that point they rather behave like inductance instead, due to parasitic inductance of leads/plates overtaking capacitance action. However it isn’t obvious and if one means it have to be inductor, using “explicit” inductance with specified parameters is probably better idea? Then, I can imagine strong RF field can manifest itself by detecting on either ESD protection of inputs, or on input BJT junctions or so, however it nowhere close to being obvious and it would be my best guess I can do, could be incorrect.

    p.s. also drawing + and – on opamp inputs in schematics could be good idea. Say I do have LM358 or 2904, at first glance it seems this circuit needs just 2 opamps, these should do as well, unless circuit relies on some extremely unusal parasitic properties of LM324 I’ve failed to foresee. In case of your circuit I have to scroll between IC pinout and diagram to “translate” it into to LM358-based version. Should there be + and – I would rather just redraw circuit by attaching functional pins the way circuit means it – at the end of day I’ve got curious why the hell THIS works at all. So if it actually does, I would definitely bug few “advanced” RF engineers to properly decode how and why it detects anything at all – I bet it can puzzle even seasoned RF engineers ๐Ÿ™‚

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Thanks for compelling to investigate this circuit more deeply ๐Ÿ™‚

      Actually there’s nothing complex about the functioning of the circuit. The op amps are honestly doing what they have been designed to do.

      Referring to A1, the non inverting (+) pin3 is tied to ground, and pin2 is also at ground potential via the 100K resistor but is not as grounded as pin3. This makes it highly sensitive to any electrical disturbance even at mV range.
      It has nothing to do with the frequency of the RF, it is merely detecting the electrical potential that hitting pin2.

      Since the RFs may be fluctuating from across positive and negative cycles, the negative cycle which are more negative than pin3 potential are quickly caught by pin2. causing the output pin1 to go high. This high feedback quickly reaches pin2 back shutting it down, and the cycle is continued causing the LED to flash.
      The 0.1uF is actually introduced to blunt of the sensitivity and prevent the circuit from detecting the unwanted disturbances emanating from other possible RF.

      I am sorry redrawing the diagram may not be possible because this schematic has been indexed by Google, replacing it may not be good for the article, for the future articles I’ll surely consider adding the +/- to all op amp circuit.

      Reply
      • Ale Ian says

        Hi- Thanks for sharing this project! I’m new to diy electronics, would you mind sharing how you wired the antenna to the pcb and also how you wired the battery? Thank you!

        Reply


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