When an inverter with square wave AC output is modified to generate a crude sinewave AC output, it is called a modified sine wave inverter.
The following article presents 7 interesting modified sine wave inverter designs with exhaustive descriptions regarding its construction procedure, circuit diagram, waveform output and detailed parts lists. The designs are intended for learning and building experimental projects by engineers and students.
Here we discuss different varieties of modified designs ranging from a modest 100 watt to a massive 3 Kva power output model.
How Modified Inverters Work
Folks who are new to electronics may get a bit confused regarding the difference between a square wave and a modified square wave inverter. It may be understood through the following brief explanation:
As we all know an inverter will always generate an alternating current (AC) similar to our domestic AC line voltage so that it can replace it during power failures. An AC in simple words is basically a rise and fall of voltage of a particular magnitude.
However, ideally this AC is supposed to as close as possible to a sinewave as shown below:


Basic Difference between Sine waveform and Square Waveform
This rise and fall of voltage happens at a particular rate i.e. at a particular number of times per second, known as its frequency. So for example a 50 Hz AC means 50 cycles or 50 ups and downs of a particular voltage in one second.
In a sine wave AC as found in our normal domestic mains outlet the above rise and fall of voltage is in the form of a sinusoidal curve, i.e. its pattern gradually varies with time and thus is not sudden or abrupt. Such smooth transitions in the AC waveform becomes very suitable and a recommended type of supply for the many common electronic gadgets like TVs , music systems , Refrigerators, motors etc.
However, in a square wave pattern the voltage ups and downs are instant and sudden. Such immediate rise and fall of potential creates sharp spikes at the edges of each wave and thus becomes very undesirable and unsuitable for sophisticated electronic equipment. Therefore it is always dangerous to operate them through a Square weave inverter supply.

Modified Waveform
In a modified square wave design as shown above, the square waveform shape basically remains the same but the size of each section of the wave-form is appropriately dimensioned so that its average value matches closely to an AC waveform’s average value.
As you can see there's a proportionate amount of gap or null areas between each square blocks, these gaps ultimately help to shape up these square waves into sinewave like output (albeit crudely).
And what is responsible for adjusting these dimensioned square waves into sinewave like features? Well, it is the inherent characteristic of the transformer's magnetic induction which effectively carve the "dead time" transitions between the square wave blocks into a sinewave looking waves, as shown below:

In all the 7 designs explained below we try to implement this theory and ensure that the RMS value of the square waves are appropriate controlled by chopping the 330V peaks into 220V modified RMS. The same can be applied for 120V AC by chopping down the 160 peaks.
How to Calculate through Easy Formulas
If you are interested to know how to calculate the above modified waveform so that it results in an almost ideal replication of a sinewave, then please refer to the following post for the complete tutorial:
Calculate Modified Square Wave RMS Sine Equivalent Value
Design#1: Using IC 4017
Let's investigate the first modified inverter design which is rather simple and uses a single IC 4017 for processing the required modified waveform.
If you are looking for an easy to build modified sine wave power inverter circuit, then perhaps the following concept will interest you. It looks astonishingly simple and low cost with an output that’s to a very extent is comparable with other more sophisticated sine wave counterparts.
We know that when a clock input is applied to its pin #14, the IC produces a shifting cycle logic high pulses through its 10 output pins.
Looking at the circuit diagram we find that the pin outs of the IC are terminated to supply the base of the output transistors such that they conduct after every alternate output pulse from the IC.
This happens simply because the bases of the transistors are connected alternately to the IC pin outs and the intermediate pin-out connections are just eliminated or kept open.
The transformer windings which are connected to the transistor’s collector respond to the alternate transistor switching and produce a stepped up AC at its output having a waveform exactly as shown in the diagram.
The output of this Modified sine wave power inverter is although not quite comparable to the output of a pure sine wave inverter but definitely will be far better than that of an ordinary square wave inverter. Moreover the idea is very easy and cheap to build.

WARNING: PLEASE CONNECT PROTECTION DIODES ACROSS THE COLLECTOR EMITTER OF THE TIP35 TRANSISTOR (CATHODE TO COLLECTOR, ANODE TO EMITTER)
UPDATE: As per the Calculations presented in the this article, the IC 4017 output pins could be ideally configured for achieving an impressive looking modified sinewave inverter.
The modified image can be witnessed below:

WARNING: PLEASE CONNECT PROTECTION DIODES ACROSS THE COLLECTOR EMITTER OF THE TIP35 TRANSISTOR (CATHODE TO COLLECTOR, ANODE TO EMITTER)
A MOSFET version of the above design can be witnessed in the following diagram. Using MOSFETs IRF3205 can allow the inverter to handle above 400 watts.

Video Demo:
Minimum Specifications
- Input: 12V from Lead Acid Battery, for example 12V 7Ah battery
- Output: 220V or 120V depending on transformer rating
- Waveform : Modified sinewave
Feedback from one of the dedicated viewers of this blog, Ms Sarah
Hello Swagatam,
This is what I obtained from the output of IC2 post resistors R4 and R5. As I earlier said I expected to have a bipolar wave. One in positive and the other in negative . to simulate an ac wave cycle. I hope this picture will help. I need a way forward please.
Thanks

My Reply:
Hello Sarah,
The IC outputs will not show bipolar waves since the signals from these outputs are intended for identical N type transistors and from a single supply....it's the transformer which is responsible for creating the bipolar wave at its output since it's configured with a push-pull topology using a center tap ....so what you are seeing across R4 and R5 are correct waveform. Please check the waveform at the output of the transformer for verifying the bipolar nature of the waveform.
Design#2: Using NOT Gates
This second in the list is a unique modified sine wave inverter concept also designed me. The entire unit along with the oscillator stage and the output stage can be easily built by any electronic enthusiast at home. The present designed will be easily able to support 500 VA of output load.
Let's try to understand the circuit functioning in details:
The Oscillator Stage:
Looking at the circuit diagram above, we see a clever circuit design comprising both, the oscillator as well as the PWM optimization feature included.
Here, the gates N1 and N2 are wired up as an oscillator, which primarily generates perfectly uniform square wave pulses at its output. The frequency is set by adjusting values of the associated 100K and the 0.01 uF capacitor. In this design it is fixed at the rate of around 50 Hz. The values can be altered appropriately for getting a 60 Hz output.
The output from the oscillator is fed to the buffer stage consisting of four parallel and alternately arranged NOT gates. The buffers are used for sustaining perfect pulses and for avoiding degradation.
The output from the buffer is applied to the driver stages, where the two high-power darlington transistors take the responsibility of amplifying the received pulses, so that it can be finally fed to the output stage of this 500 VA inverter design.
Until this point the frequency is just an ordinary square wave. However the introduction of the IC 555 stage entirely changes the scenario.
The IC 555 and its associated components are configured as a simple PWM generator. The mark-space ratio of the PWM can be discretely adjusted with the help of the pot 100K.
The PWM output is integrated to the output of the oscillator stage via a diode. This arrangement makes sure that the generated square wave pulses are broken into pieces or chopped as per the setting of the PWM pulses.
This helps in reducing the total RMS value of the square wave pulses and optimize them as close as possible to a sine wave RMS value.
The pulses generated at the bases of the driver transistors are thus perfectly modified to resemble sine wave forms technically.

The Output Stage:
The output stage is quite straight forward in its design. The two winding of the transformer are configured to the two individual channels, consisting of banks of power transistors.
The power transistors at both the limbs are arranged in parallel to increase the overall current through the winding so as to produce the desired 500 watts of power.
However to restrict thermal runaway situations with the parallel connections, the transistors are connected with a low value, high wattage wire wound resistor at their emitters. This inhibits any single transistor from getting over loaded and fall into the above situation.
The bases of the assembly are integrated to the driver stage discussed in the previous section.

The battery is connected across the center tap and the ground of the transformer and also to the relevant points in the circuit.
Switching ON power immediately starts the inverter, providing rich modified sine wave AC at its output, ready to be used with any load upto 500 VA.
The component details are supplied in the diagram itself.
The above design can also be modified into a 500 watt PWM controlled mosfet sine wave inverter by replacing the driver transistors simply by a few mosfets. The design shown below would provide about 150 watts of power, for obtaining 500 watts, more number of mosfets may be required to be connected in parallel with the existing two mosfets.

Design#3: using a 4093 IC for the Modified Results
The PWM controlled modified sine wave inverter circuit presented below is our 3rd contender, it uses just a single 4093 for the specified functions.
The IC consists of four NAND gates, out of which two are wired up as oscillators while the remaining two as buffers.
The oscillators are integrated in such a way that the high frequency from one of the oscillators interacts with the output of the other, generating chopped square waves whose RMS value can be well optimized to match the regular sine waveforms.Inverter designs are not always easy to understand or build, especially so when it's as complex as modified sine wave types. However the concept discussed here utilizes just a single IC 4093 for handling all the required complications. Let's learn how simple it is to build.
Parts you will Ned to Build this 200 Watt Inverter Circuit
All Resistors are 1/4 watt, 5 %, unless otherwise specified.
- R1 = 1 M for 50 Hz and 830 K for 60 Hz
- R2 = 1 K,
- R3 = 1 M,
- R4 = 1 K,
- R5, R8, R9 = 470 Ohms,
- R6, R7 = 100 Ohms, 5 Watt,
- VR 1 = 100 K,
- C1, C2 = 0.022 uF, Ceramic Disc,
- C3 = 0.1, disc ceramic
- T1, T4 = TIP 122
- T3, T2 = BDY 29,
- N1, N2, N3, N4 = IC 4093,
- D1, D1, D4, D5 = 1N4007,
- D3, D2 = 1N5408,
- Transformer = 12 -0 – 12 volts, current from 2 to 20 Amps as desired, output voltage can be 120 or 230 volts as per country specifications.
- Battery = 12 volts, typically a 32 AH type, as used in cars is recommended.

Circuit Operation
The proposed design of a 200 watt modified sine wave inverter obtains its modified output by discretely “cutting” the basic square wave pulses into smaller sections of rectangular pulses. The function resembles to a PWM control, commonly associated with IC 555.
However, here the duty cycles cannot be varied separately and is kept equal throughout the available variation range. The limitation does not affect the PWM function by much, since here we are only concerned in keeping the RMS value of the output close to its sine wave counter, which is executed satisfactory through the existing configuration.
Referring to the circuit diagram, we can see that the entire electronics hovers around a single active part – the IC 4093.
It consists of four individual NAND Schmitt gates, all of them have been engaged for the required functions.
N1 along with R1, R2 and C1 forms a classic CMOS Schmitt trgger type of oscillator where the gate is typically configured as an inverter or a NOT gate.
The pulses generated from this oscillator stage are square waves which forms the basic driving pulses of the circuit. N3 and N4 are wired up as buffers and are used for driving the output devices in tandem.
However these are ordinary square wave pulses and do not constitute the modified version of the system.
We can easily use the above pulses solely for driving our inverter, but the result would be an ordinary square wave inverter, not suitable for operating sophisticated electronic gadgets.
The reason behind this is that, square waves may differ greatly from the sine waveforms, especially as far as their RMS values are concerned.
Therefore, the idea is to modify the generated square waveforms so that its RMS value closely matches with a sine waveform. To do this we need to dimension the individual square waveforms through some external intervention.
The section comprising N2, along with the other associated parts C2, R4 and VR1, forms another similar oscillator like N1. However this oscillator produces higher frequencies which are tall rectangular shaped.
The rectangular output from N2 is fed to the basic input source of N3. The positive trains of pulses have no effect on the source input pulses due to the presence of D1 which blocks the positive outputs from N2.
However, the negative pulses are allowed by D1 and these effectively sink the relevant sections of the basic source frequency, creating kind of rectangular notches in them at regular intervals depending upon the frequency of the oscillator set by VR1.
These notches or rather the rectangular pulses from N2 can be optimized as desired by adjusting VR1.
The above operation cuts the basic square wave from N1 into discrete narrow sections, lowering the average RMS of the waveforms. It is advised that the setting is done with the help of a RMS meter.
The output devices switch the relevant transformer windings in response to these dimensioned pulses and produce corresponding high voltage switched waveforms at the output winding.
The result is a voltage which is quite equivalent to a sine wave quality and is safe for operating all types of household electrical equipment.
The inverter power may be increased from 200 watts to 500 watts or as desired simply by adding more numbers of T1, T2, R5, R6 and T3, T4, R7, R8 in parallel over the relevant points.
Salient Features of the Inverter
The circuit is truly efficient and moreover it is a modified sine wave version which makes it outstanding in its own respect.
The circuit utilizes very ordinary, easy to procure types of components and is also very cheap to build.
The modifying process of the square waves into sine waves can be done by varying a single potentiometer or rather a preset, which makes the operations pretty simple.
The concept is very basic yet offers high power outputs which may be optimized as per ones own needs just by adding a few more number of output devices in parallel and by replacing the battery and the transformer with the relevant sizes.
Design#4: Fully Transistor Based Modified Sinewave
A very interesting circuit of a modified sine wave inverter is discussed in this article which incorporates just ordinary transistors for the proposed implementations.
The use of transistors typically makes the circuit easier to understand and more friendly with the new electronic enthusiasts. The inclusion of a PWM control in the circuit makes the design very efficient and desirable as far as operations of sophisticated appliances are concerned at the inverter output.The circuit diagram shows how the entire circuit is laid down. We can clearly see that only transistors have been involved and yet the circuit can be made to produce well-dimensioned PWM controlled waveform for generating the required modified sinew waveforms or rather modified square waves to be more precise.
The whole concept may be understood by studying the circuit with the help of the following points:
Astable as the Oscillators
Basically we can witness two identical stages which are wired up in the standard astable multivibrator configuration.
Being astable in nature the configurations are specifically intended for generating free running pulses or square wave at their respective outputs.
However the upper AMV stage is positioned for generating the normal 50 Hz (or 60 Hz) square waves which are used for operating the transformer and for the required inverter actions, in order to get the desired AC mains power at the output.
Therefore there’s nothing too serious or interesting about the upper stage, typically it consists a central AMV stage consisting of T2, T3, next comes the driver stage consisting of the transistors T4, T5 and finally the receiving output stages consisting of the T1 and T6.
How the Output Stage Works
The output stage drives the transformer via the battery power for the desired inverter actions.
The above stage is only responsible for carrying out the generation of the square wave pulses that’s imperatively required for the intended normal inverting actions.
The PWM Chopper AMV Stage
The circuit at the lower half is the section which actually does the sine wave modifications by switching the upper AMV according to its PWM settings.
Precisely, the upper AMV stage’s pulse shape is controlled by the lower AMV circuit and it implements the square wave modification by chopping the basic square inverter square waves from the upper AMV into discrete sections.
The above chopping or dimensioning is executed and defined by the setting of the preset R12.
R12 is used for adjusting the mark space ratio of the pulses generated by the lower AMV.
According to these PWM pulses, the basic square wave from the upper AMV is chopped into sections and the average RMS value of the generated waveform is optimized as close as possible to a standard sine waveform.

The remaining explanation regarding the circuit is pretty ordinary and may be done by following the standard practice that’s normally employed while building invertes, or for that matter, my other related article may be referred for acquiring the relevant information.
Parts List
- R1, R8 = 15 Ohms, 10 WATTS,
- R2, R7 = 330 OHMS, 1 WATT,
- R3, R6, R9, R13, R14 = 470 OHMS ½ WATTS,
- R4, R5 = 39K
- R10, R11 = 10K,
- R12 = 10K PRESET,
- C1-----C4 = 0.33Uf,
- D1, D2 =1N5402,
- D3, D4 = 1N40007
- T2, T3, T7, T8= 8050,
- T9 = 8550
- T5, T4 = TIP 127
- T1, T6 = BDY29
- TRANSFORMER = 12-0-12V, 20 AMP.
- T1, T6, T5, T4 SHOULD BE MOUNTED OVER SUITABLE HEATSINK.
- BATTERY = 12V, 30AH
Design#5: Digital Modified Inverter Circuit
This 5th design of a classic modified inverter is yet another design developed by me, although it's a modified sine wave, it can also be referred as a digital sine wave inverter circuit.
The concept is again inspired from a mosfet based powerful audio amplifier design.
Looking at the main power amp design we can see that basically it's a 250 watt powerful audio amp, modified for an inverter application.
All the stages involved are actually for enabling a frequency response of 20 to 100kHz, though here we won't need such high degree of frequency response, I didn't eliminate any of the stages as it wouldn't do any harm to the circuit.
The first stage consisting of the BC556 transistors is the differential amplifier stage, next comes the well balanced driver stage consisting of the BD140/BD139 transistors and finally it's the output stage which is made up of the powerful mosfets.
The output from the mosfets are connected to a power transformer for the required inverter operations.
This completes the power amp stage, however this stage requires a well dimensioned input, rather a PWM input which would ultimately help to create the proposed digital sine wave inverter circuit design.
The Oscillator Stage
The next CIRCUIT DIAGRAM shows a simple oscillator stage which has been suitable optimized for providing adjustable PWM controlled outputs.
The IC 4017 becomes the main part of the circuit and generates square waves which very closely matches the RMS value of a standard AC signal.
However for precise adjustments, the output from the IC 4017 has been provided with discrete voltage adjustment level facility using a a few 1N4148 diodes.
One of the diodes at the output may be selected for reducing the amplitude of the output signal which would ultimately help in adjusting the RMS level of the transformer output.
The clock frequency which must be adjusted to 50Hz or 60Hz as per the requirements is generated by a single gate from the IC 4093.
P1 can be set for producing the above required frequency.
For getting a 48-0-48volts, use 4 nos. 24V/2AH batteries in series, as shown in the last figure.
Power Inverter Circuit

Sine Wave Equivalent Oscillator Circuit


The figure below shows various waveforms outputs as per the selection of the number of diodes at the output of the oscillator stage, the waveforms may have different relevant RMS values, which must be carefully selected for feding the power inverter circuit.

If you have any problems understanding the above circuits, please feel free to comment and inquire.
Design#6: using only 3 IC 555
The following section discusses the 6th best modified sine wave inverter circuit with waveform images, confirming the credibility of the design. The concept was designed by me, the waveform being confirmed and submitted by Mr. Robin Peter.
The discussed concept was designed and presented in a few of my previously published posts: 300 watt sine wave inverter circuit, and 556 inverter circuit however since the waveform were not confirmed by me the relevant circuits weren't completely foolproof.Now it's been tested, and waveform verified by Mr. Robin Peter, the procedure revealed one hidden flaw in the design which has been hopefully sorted out here.
Let's go through the following email conversation between me and Mr. Robin Peter.
I built the simpler modified sine wave alternative version IC555's,with no transistor. I changed some of the values of the resistors and caps and did not use[D1 2v7,BC557,R3 470ohm]
I joined Pin2&7 of IC 4017 together to get the required waveform. IC1 produces the 200hz 90% duty cycle pulses(1 image), which clock IC2 (2-images) and therefore IC3(2 images, min duty cycle & max D/C)Are these the expected results, My concern is that it is a modified sine where you can vary the
RMS,not a pure sine
Regards
Robin




Hi Robin,
Your modified sine wave circuit diagram looks correct but the waveform isn't, I think we'll need to use a separate oscillator stage for clocking the 4017 with frequency fixed at 200Hz, and increase the frequency of the topmost 555 IC to many kHz, then check the waveform.Regards.
Hi Swagatam
I have attached a new circuit schematic with the changes you suggested along with the resultant wave forms.What do you think of the PWM waveform,the pulses don't seem to go all the way down to ground
level.
Regards





Hi Robin,
That's great, exactly what i was expecting, so it means a separate astable for the middle IC 555 must be employed for the intended results....by the way did you vary the RMS preset and check the waveforms, please do update by doing so.
So now it looks much better and you can go ahead with the inverter design by connecting the mosfets.
....it's not reaching the ground due to the diode 0.6V drop, I assume....Thanks very much
Actually a much easier circuit with similar results as above can be built as discussed in this post:https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/04/how-to-modify-square-wave-inverter-into.html
More Updates from Mr. Robin
Hi Swagatam
I varied the RMS preset and here are the attached waveforms.I would like to ask you what amplitude of triangle wave can you apply to pin 5,and how would you synchronise it so that when pin 2 or 7 go + the peak is in the middle
regards Robin


Here's some better modified sine waveform, maybe the guy's will understand them easier. It's up to you whether you publish them.
By the way i took a 10uf cap from pin2 to 10k resistor to .47uf cap to ground.And the triangular wave looked like this(attatched).Not too triangular,7v p-p.
I will investigate the 4047 option
cheers Robin



Output Waveform across Transformer Mains Output (220V)The following images show the various waveform images taken from across the output mains winding of the transformer.
Courtesy - Robin Peter
No PWM, no Load

No PWM, with load

With PWM, without load

With PWM, with load

The above image magnified

The above waveform images looked somewhat distorted and not quite like sinewaves. Adding a 0.45uF/400V capacitor across the output drastically improved the results, as can be witnessed from the following images.
Without load, with PWM ON, capacitor 0.45uF/400v added

With PWM, with load, and with an output capacitor, this looks very much like an authentic sinewaveform.

All the above verification and testing were conducted by Mr. Robin Peters.
More Reports from Mr. Robin
Ok,I did some more testing and experimenting last night and found that if I increase the batt voltage to 24v the sinewave did not distort when I increased the duty/cycle.( ok,I've regained my confidence)I added that 2200uf cap between c/tapp and ground but that made no difference to the output waveform.
I noticed a few things that were taking place,as I increased the D/C the trafo makes a noisy humming sound(as if a relay is vibrating back and forth very quickly),The IRFZ44N's get hot very quickly even with no loadWhen I remove the cap there seems to be less stress on the system.The humming noise is not so bad and the Z44n's don't get so hot.[of course no sinewave}
The cap is across the output of the trafo not in series with one leg. I took (3 different windings) round inductors{I think they are toriodal} out of a switch-mode power supply.The result was no improvement in the output wave(no change),
The trafo output voltage also dropped.
Adding an automatic load correction feature to the above modified sine wave inverter circuit idea:

The above shown simple ad-on circuit can be used for enabling automatic voltage correction of the inverter output.
The fed voltage across the bridge is rectified and applied to the base of the NPN transistor. The preset is adjusted such that at no load the output voltage gets settled at the specified normal level.
To be more precise, initially the above preset should be kept at the ground level so that the transistor says switched OFF.
Next, the 10k RMS preset at pin#5 of the PWM 555 IC should be adjusted to generate around 300V at the transformer output.
Finally, the load correction 220K preset should be realigned to bring down the voltage to may be around 230V mark.
Done! Hopefully the above adjustments would be enough for setting up the circuit for the intended automatic load corrections.
The final design might look like this:

Filter Circuit
The following filter circuit can be employed at the output of the above inveter for controlling Harmonics and for enhancing a cleaner sinewave output

More Inputs:
The above design was studied and further improved by Mr Theofanakis, who is also an avid reader of this blog.

The oscilloscope trace depicts the modified waveform of the inverter across the 10k resistor connected at the mains output of the transformer.


The above modified inverter design by Theofanakis inverter was tested and approved by one of the avid followers of this blog, Mr. Odon. The following test images by Odon confirm the sinewave nature of the above inverter circuit.

Design#7: Heavy Duty 3Kva Modified Inverter Design
The below explained content investigates a 3kva sine wave inverter circuit prototype made by Mr. Marcelin using only BJTs instead of the conventional mosfets. The PWM control circuit was designed by me.
In one of my previous posts we discussed a 555 pure sine wave equivalent inverter circuit, which was collectively designed by Mr.Marcelin and me.
How the Circuit was Built
In this design I have used strong cables to sustain the high currents, I used sections of 70 mm2, or more smaller sections in parallel. 3 KVA transformer is actually as solid weighs 35 kg. Dimensions and volume is not a drawback for me. Photos attached to the transformer and installation in progress.
The following assembly nearing completion, based on the 555 (SA 555) and CD 4017
On my first try, with mosfets, earlier this year, I used IRL 1404 which Vdss is 40 volts. In my opinion insufficient voltage. It would be better to use mosfets with a Vdss at least equal to or greater than 250 volts.
In this new installation, I foresee two diodes on the transformer windings.
There will also be a fan for cooling.
TIP 35 will be mounted by 10 in each branch, like this:

Complete Prototype Images






Finalized 3 KVA Inverter Circuit
The final circuit design of the 3 kva modified sine wave inverter should look like this:

Parts List
All resistors are 1/4 watt 5%, unless specified.
- 100 Ohms - 2nos (value can be between 100 ohm and 1K)
- 1K - 2nos
- 470 ohms - 1no (can be any value upto 1K)
- 2K2 - 1nos (slightly higher value will also work)
- 180K preset - 2nos (any value between 200K and 330K will work)
- 10K preset - 1no (please 1k preset instead for better outcome)
- 10 Ohm 5 watt - 29nos
Capacitors
- 10nF - 2nos
- 5nF - 1no
- 50nF - 1no
- 1uF/25V - 1no
Semiconductors
- 2.7V zener diode - 1no (upto 4.7V can be used)
- 1N4148 - 2nos
- 6A4 diode - 2nos (near transformer)
- IC NE555 - 3 nos
- IC 4017 - 1no
- TIP142 - 2nos
- TIP35C - 20 nos
- Transformer 9-0-9V 350 amps or 48-0-48V / 60 amps
- Battery 12V / 3000 Ah, or 48V 600 Ah
If 48V supply is used then make sure to regulate it to 12V for the IC stages, and supply the 48V only to center tap of the transformer.
How to Safeguard the Transistors
Note: In order to safeguard the transistors from a thermal runaway, mount the individual channels over common heatsinks, meaning use a long single finned heatsink for the upper transistor array, and another similar single common heatsink for the lower transistor array.
Mica isolation would be fortunately not required since the collectors are joined together, and the body being the collector would get effectively connected through the heatsink itself. This would actually save a lot of hard work.
In order to obtain maximum power efficiency, the following output stage is recommended by me, and must be employed with the above explained PWM and 4017 stages.
Circuit Diagram

Note: Mount all the upper TIP36 over a larger finned common heatsink, DO NOT use mica isolator while implementing this.
The same must be done with the lower TIP36 arrays.
But make sure these two heatsinks never touch each other.
The TIP142 transistors must be mounted on separate individual large finned hearsinks.
Thank you very much for your contributions, they have helped me a lot to understand certain aspects that have marked a great path.
You are most welcome Pablo, appreciate your kind feedback….
hello sir the voltage correction I need is for 4047 sine wave inverter system
Sure, you can try the second design from the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/load-independentoutput-corrected/
hello sir,,how do I build a feedback system for any diy inverter,,,cus the output of all I’ve built tends to get to 380v on no or less loads cus I’m using ups transformer ……I’m afraid to plug my TV,,,it even blew my phone charger.
Hi Ken, you can try implementing the second circuit design from the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/load-independentoutput-corrected/
hello i was wondering is it possible to use an inverter for 120v dc to 240v ac
if so can you guide me with a circuit diagram
Hi, I think you can try the following design. Just make sure to replace the MOSFETs with 400 V MOSFETs, and the transformer with a 120-0-120V (primary) transformer:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MOSFET-inverter-circuit-compressed.jpg
Hi…
I have a Luminous 2800+ inverter/Ups with me. I keep it in UPS mode normally. But even in UPS mode also, my personal computer gets restarted since there is a dip in power during supply changeover ie, either from mains to UPS or vice versa. The unit has a conventional electro mechanical relay of TARA make, 12V, 40A. Is this due to this relay the changeover delay is happening? The technicain has visited and has replaced the main PCB. But it didnt solve the issue. The relay is kept separate and is not part of main PCB.
Hi, yes the problem is definitely because of the relay slow changeover response. Even if the delay is in milliseconds that could still cause the computer rebooting. Try using OEN type relays which are mostly fast and efficient. If the problem persists even after replacing the relays then the problem could be due to slight delay from the main PCB.
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/OEN2Brelay.gif
Thanks for your instant reply. Definitely I will replace the relay and check. The options that I have are..
The first one has a transfer time of 10 milli seconds and the later has 20 milli seconds. I have opted the 16A or more variant since the max load that can be supplied is 8A plus 3A charging.
Will update later.
Thank you once again.
Thanks for the feedback. All the best to you!
Update:
Hi Swagat Ji,
I have changed the main relay to two variants of OEN relays as below.
However the issue still persists. Seems the issue is with the main PCB itself.
Eventhough Luminous has offered a replacement, I am not sure whether this issue will be resolved in that one too. I think it will be better to approach the consumer court to get the money back.
Hi Sanoj,
If the relay change is not helping then the issue could be with the main board. The manufacturer will be able to address the issue correctly, and help you to get a refund if the inverter does not respond as per the specifications.
Hello sir! Can I ask if the 3kVA is really pure sine wave?
It is not a sine wave, it is a modified sine wave.
Okay Sir. Cause it was written above “pure sine wave”. Do I really need an 3000ah battery?
Hi Diltone, I cannot see where it is written “pure sine wave”
In fact the heading is given as “Design#7: Heavy Duty 3Kva Modified Inverter Design”
If you are using a 12V battery then you may need a 3000 Ah battery. If you want to reduce the Ah value, then try increasing the battery voltage upto 48V.
Sir i want to use 24v battery should i use ic7812 for reducing it to 12voltage for the ic circuit
You can use 7812 for the IC circuit. Use an additional 100 ohm resistor in series with the output of the 7812 IC.
Sir please can i connect 1uf 400v capacitor at the output of the transformer
John, you will need 3nos of 1uF/400V in parallel.
can I use 1kva transformer for that first circuit with two irfp2907 in each channel
you can use it!
sir is there any different between irf260 and irf260n
I checked the datasheets of the two, they looked identical to me. So both are one and the same.
Sir please can use irfp2907 in that first diagram
Yes, it can be used on all the first 3 diagrams.
sir please is that first diagram a 50hz inverter
yes it is a 50Hz inverter
sir am getting 2.68 volt at the output pin of CD4017
It is average DC value due to the output frequency, the peak value will be always equal to the battery level….use an oscilloscope to test the peak value.
thanks for your reply but I don’t even have oscilloscope
Without an oscilloscope you cannot verify the waveform and you cannot proceed. You can easily buy a small oscilloscope online and use it.
sir everything is working but the problem is that i connect 1k resistor from gate to source and it burnt my mosfet
Hi John, I am not sure why that is happening. The gate/source 1K is supposed to discharge the mosfet internal capacitance quickly and prevent heating up of the mosfet.
If it is not working for you then you can go without it.
sir please can I connect 1N4814 at gate to source for protection
I have never seen a diode being used across gate/source for any kind of protection, it might not be relevant according to me.
sir connection of 20amp diodes between the center tap wire and the side wire does it help to protect the mosfet
Yes, that helps! It is same as connecting a diode across drain/source of the mosfet.
sir can i use that first diagram to power my freezer and CRT television
Yes you can according to me….
Hello Swagatam, in the first circuits in design 1 above. Can I use a single 100ohms to serve 5 Mosfet’s then the other side also a single 100 ohms or each mosfet should have its 100 ohms at the gate? Which connection is more efficient? Secondly, I want to use 10 Mosfet’s. Should i use blocking diodes across drain and source pins? Thanks in advance!
Hello Morris, The resistor value is actually 10 ohms, not 100 ohms. You can use a common gate resistor for all the MOSFETs, but using individual gate resistors for each MOSFET will be more efficient.
Thanks sir. What about the blocking diode across the drain and source pins of the Mosfets?
The diode can be a single diode across the parallel set of MOSFETs, although these diodes are already installed internally for each of the MOSFETs
Yes sir, at the output of ac now I only got 335j 400v instead of 3uf 400v(ppc). Can this 335j 400v work? Thanks in advance.
Hi Morris, you can try the 335j 400v at the output and see how it responds.
Hello sir, I tried the first design in this circuit but the output am getting is 127. I hv tried two different transformers 9-0-9 but still the same. What could be the problem?
Hi Morris,
Please check the average Dc across gate/source of the MOSFET, this value will indicate the actual required primary voltage of the transformer. For example if this voltage is 6V then the transformer should be 6-0-6V and so on.
Once you do this your output will be a perfect 220V or higher.
So you mean that I first connect the battery then I measure the screen voltage across gate/source of the MOSFETs. Then if i find it reads 8v then i use 8-0-8 transformer to get me an output of around 220v ac or higher?
Yes that will work!
Hello sir, I have thoroughly checked my circuit ten times to see where I did a mistake but it’s exactly as yours here. Whn I measure the voltage across gate/source as u said after connecting the battery without transformer only getting 2.2v and when I changed 4017 and 555 it is 3.4v 🤣🤣🤣 what’s your thought about that? I really wanted this modified sine wave inverter sir
Hello Morris,
please check the voltage across the 1K resistors in the following diagrams:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/modified-inverter-using-mosfets.jpg
Make sure to use a good multimeter.
Let me know the results.
Normally it should be around 50% of the voltage which is available at the positive rail of the ICs.
Hello sir the voltage am seeing at the output of 4017 across the 1k resistor is a sequence voltage running from 1.1v to 3.7v then starts again I hv checked and replaced several IC’s but still the same. The voltages at all the pins of 555 time are constant but at 4017 Pins is a running up and down voltage. Do u hv another efficient one pliz
Hello Morris, The frequency at these pinouts is supposed to be very fast and the DMM should show the average voltage only…so I cannot figure out how the voltage is fluctuating in your case.
Anyway, do you have an analogue voltmeter, please test the same with an analogue voltmeter.
Hello Swagatam.merry Christmas and a happy new year in advance! Pliz can you lecture me on something here. (1) I have four rooms to be supplied with light. What do you prefer in terms of battery safety whn you are using inverter for lighting or whn you’re using dc battery bulbs for lighting? If dc bulbs are good and u know in the four rooms there will be a voltage drop because of the long cables in the conduits (pipes) so do you have a 12v dc to 14 or 15v dc there about for each bulb to get at least 12v dc in the end? (2) if impossible, do u have best suited inverter circuit that will not affect battery life? Am abit confused my friend on which idea will save battery life. Pliz help. Thanks.
Hello Morris,
I think an inverter would be a better option than using DC for lighting LED bulbs with long cables. Since an inverter produces an AC, the length of the wires will have negligible impact on the performance. You can easily use any 4047 IC based square wave inverter to power your LEDs. If you use an inverter you can directly connect an AC 220V LED bulb at the outputs of the inverter.
A simple 4047 inverter circuit is discussed in the following article:
7 Simple Inverter Circuits you can Build at Home
So using a 200w or a 300w inverter will be just ok and will not shorten battery life as others say? But do u have dc-dc booster circuits to around 14v? What I fear with dc light is the drop of the voltage. So if u say inverter is the perfect one then I will just use the ac bulbs for lighting
If you use DC then using long wires might affect the illumination, that is why I suggested using an inverter.
Yes AC bulb will be good which can remain illuminated even if the AC drops to 100 V, which means even if the battery drops to 10 V from 12V still the LED bulbs will remains illuminated, although it is not recommended for a 12V battery to be discharged below 11V.
Why do you need a booster circuit?
I was considering which way can save battery life and which way will shorten battery life. That is why I seek advice from you between inverter and dc bulbs using dc booster to ensure that the 12v reaches the bulbs. Thanks sir for advice.
Since the inverter would e only 75% efficient, so I think connecting the battery directly with the LED would give better results. But I am sure about the impact of the wires resistance, that you will have to find out through a practical testing.
Hello Swagatam, I built another homemade inverter and the output voltage is 300 then whn i plugged in soldering iron it comes to around 240. Do you have any circuit diagram that I can connect to the inverter output to tame its voltage to be a constant 230 or 220v ac? Thanks in advance sir.
Hello Morris, you can try the second design from the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/load-independentoutput-corrected/
Thanks sir. So the trafo output is the inverter output of the transformer? Secondly, if we have two panels of the mosfets right and left, and the two in4007 connected to the bc transistor. Do I connect the gates of both left and right panels to each of the in4007 as indicated there?
Thanks
You will need to connect a separate diode with each of the mosfet gates and then connect the common cathode ends of the diodes with the BC547 collector. For indication purpose you can replace the 3V zener diode with a 3V RED LED.
Ok sir but can it work with the 24v inverter because mine is a 24v inverter? And how is the connection now?
Thanks.
Hi Morris, The IC 741 must be operated with 12V, so you may have to connect a 7812 IC for stepping down the 24V to 12V for the 741 IC.
Do the setup need a variable power supply before connecting to the transformer output or how is it set? Thanks anyway.
Please ask your question under the following article, I will try to help:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/load-independentoutput-corrected/
Dear Swagatam
Can the outputs of the 4017drive 2 of ir2110 inorder to get a full h bridge configuration? In that case will the output be a pure sine wave?
Hi Richard,
We normally need 4 FETs to create a full bridge configuration. Using 2 FETs will give us a half wave configuration only. However neither can be built using a 4017 IC. Using full bridge configuration will not convert square wave to sine wave.
Hello Swagatam,
Thank you for your answer. In fact I have tried to modified the speed of the motor (describe 11/5/2022) with a positive (0 to +10 V) square wave to 30 to 1700 Hz through a transistor IRF730 and also a triac BT139 but the speed stays very very low (the motor stays always fed with the sine wave of 50 Hz from the net); that ‘s why I thought to use a sine wave (+ V to – V) to inject directly in the motor in thinking to your circuit in changing the frequency.
Best regards,
Hello Serge,
The modified inverter circuit cannot be used to control the speed of the motor. If your motor is a DC motor then you can try the following concept to control its speed:
3 Simple DC Motor Speed Controller Circuits Explained
thanks for ur educating us sir more longer life
My pleasure Moore!
Dear sir,
With the simplest modified sine wave inverter circuit, is it possible to modified the speed of an electric motor asynchronous 220 V AC 50 Hz 1 phase 50 W on which a 0.2 micro farad capacitor is connected (impossibility to remove it) or I must use a square wave to change the speed?
Best regards,
Hello Serge,
I can’t figure out how the simplest modified inverter can be used to modify the speed of your motor? But it can used to operate your motor normally even with the capacitor connected to the motor. The speed can be controlled either through a PWM system or a triac based speed controller.
hi sir swagatam my diy mod sinewave works fine but how can i remove transormer humming noise and harmonic noise when i power my amplifier with it?
Hi Kenbion,
If you have large filter capacitors with the bridge rectifier and still the hum sound is not going then you may have to attach a hum filter circuit at the input of the amplifier as explained in the following article. Also make sure to connect the ground line of the amplifier with the metal cabinet of the amplifier.
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/simple-hum-filter-circuit-for-amplifiers/
thanks,,but how can i make my inverter run quietly without noise,,,thats what i mean
You can try adding a 3uF/400V capacitor at the output of the inverter and check whether that helps or not.
Sir I have ferrite core transformer also have CD 4017 and timer 555 so which MOSFET use to make simple watt inverter
Hi Abdulkareem, You can use IRF540.
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