An inverter is an equipment which will convert a battery voltage or any DC (normally a high current) into a higher mains equivalent voltage (120V, or 220V), however unlike an UPS inverters may lack one feature, that is these may not be able to switch from mains battery charging mode to inverter mode and vice versa during grid power failure and restoration situations.
Converting an Inverter to UPS
An inverter can be easily converted to an UPS with a few simple modifications or rather additions with their existing circuitry.
The lacking or missing changeover feature in an inverter can be upgraded by including a few number of relay stages within its circuit, as explained in the following sections:
Referring to the figure below, we see that the above requirement is implemented by using 4 SPDT relays whose coils are wired up in parallel and joined with a mains operated DC source, which could very well be the battery charger DC output.
It means during the presence of mains input the relays would be energized such that their N/O contacts get connected with the individual relay poles and the respective electrical gadgets which could be seen connected with the poles..
The left two relays can be seen with their N/O contacts connected with the mains AC input, while the N/Cs are terminated with the inverter mains output.
The relays at the right side have their N/O contacts rigged with battery charger (+)/(-) inputs, and the N/Cs are integrated to the inverter DC input.
The above data ensures the following actions during mains presence and failure situations:
When mains AC is present, the appliances get connected to the available mains power via the left pair of relay poles, while the battery is able to get the required charging voltage through the right hand relay poles. This also ensures that the inverter is cut-off via the N/C points from the battery and is no longer able to operate.
In a situation when mains AC fails, the relay contacts revert to their N/C contacts, giving rise to the following actions:
The battery instantly gets connected with the inverter DC input via the right hand side relay N/C contacts, such that the inverter becomes operative and its output starts producing the required mains back up voltage.
At the same instant the above inverter mains voltage now gets switched to the appliances via the left hand side relay N/C contacts ensuring that the appliances do not experience an interruption while the positions revert in the course of the above actions.
Selecting the Relays
The relays must selected with low coil resistance type so that they operate under higher switching currents, and therefore are able to "hammer" the contacts much harder and quicker compared to the lower resistance coil relays.
This will ensure the changeover time to be rapid within milliseconds which happens to be the most crucial factor with UPSs and inverters needing to be converted into UPS systems.
In the above diagram if an automatic battery charger is used, the supply would be cut off once the battery is fully charged, which would also cut off the supply to the relays forcing the inverter to switch ON even while the mains is present.
To avoid this issue, the relays must be powered through a separate power supply as shown in the following diagram. A capacitive type of power supply circuit could be seen here, which makes the design much compact.
Note: Please connect a 1K resistor across the filter capacitor associated with the bridge rectifier, this is to ensure its quick discharging during a mains failure, and an instant switching of the relevant relays.
I appreciate thanks a lot
my battery specification is 12v 75 amps
You can use a 30 amp relay for this.
sir from 600 watts inverter up how will one select relay to be use .sorry for too much question
What is the battery specifications?
Good day sir, is about this change over circuit, pls clear this few questions. 1.the relay must be selected with the low coil resistances type so that they operate under higher switching current pls explain what you mean, and how will I select relay by amps and ohm’s that will do the job and intense of higher current does it mean that 220v from NEPA is not higher current that can switch these relay. 2. the two N/C at the down right side that you indicate as ” to inverter battery terminal input”? I want to know if it is the battery (+) (-) terminal from my ic circuit. 3. the upper right hand side that you indicate as “(+)(-) battery charger”? now what about the input of the charger will it be connected to the 220v main socket. 4. I have manual change over and this is how it been operated, NEPA is at the upper side which is the main, my load which is the appliances is in the middle and the generator is at the lower down side, when there is No NEPA I will push my load down to generator before switching the Gene on. so after building this your change over circuit my load will be permanently on NEPA side and your circuit will be doing the changing automatically am I right if not correct me.
Youngking, low coil resistance is preferred so that the the contacts are pulled with greater speed and the changeover time is faster. That’s all there’s no other critical thing about it! You can use any relay if a few millisecond delay in the changeover is not important for you.
The bottom right +/- will go to the inverter supply +/- points, where normally the battery supply is connected.
This changeover is designed for mains to inverter change over, I am not sure about generator, because generator starter system has a different procedure!
Sir can u provide me rating of o/p transformer & can we get it in market
Uday, you can use any step down transformer rated at 10 amp, and voltage depending on your battery voltage
Good evening Sir i am finished with this circuit but the 4UF capacior as you directe me to use is getting very hot the more i connect the circuit on 220v ????
Engr bashir, make sure the capacitor voltage is 400V. I think there may be some problem with your capacitor, otherwise a high voltage capacitor will never become. Try Replacing it with a good quality PPC or MKT capacitor and check again
Good evening sir you said that we should put 1k resistor across the filter capacotor. Do you mean we should put it between the positive side and the negative side of the capacitor???
Yes across the capacitor, or you can also put it across the supply rails
Good morning Sir, can i make this circuit with 24v relay??
Yes you can use 24V relay also…that will be more efficient than 12V relay
ok no problem i will do that
exactly!! it is 400 ohms
then it is OK to use 4uF
Sir i will try and find the 4uf because my relay is 12v 10A. that mean i can’t used with 2.2uf
Bashir, 10A is for the contact rating, please check the coil resistance…it should be above 300 ohms
Good afternoon Sir, Sir i didn’t get 2uf 400v can i substitute it with 2.2uf 400v?? and 100uf 100v with 100uf 160v???
Hi Bashir, no problems it will work, however make sure the total current of the relays are not above 80mA, otherwise you may have to use a 4uF capacitor.
Good mprning Sir as i told u last time that i wanted to do this circuit. but i want know if it does not delay before changeover take place. what i mean is that can this circuit change the phase very fast without any interrupt
Hi Bashir, the delay will depend on the relay specifications and quality.
A High quality relay will give minimum response time, however for this the supply source will also need to be from an SMPS based high current power supply.
That is very Good and we really appreciate that.
I am now seeing the comment box thank you very much Sir
yes, may be the problem was with the new theme, I have replaced it with the original one.
Good morning Sir this is my second agenda circuit i want to built it and i will let you know if i am finished and if i hv problem also
OK will do, wish you all the best!
woow!! that is Good i really appreciate sir.
ok sir, another confused in the place were u wrote TO MAIN 220V SOCKET, and second place you wrote TO MAIN. my question is that which one will go to the MAIN AC GRID??
Mains socket is Mains Grid…both are one and the same…the transformerless power supply input will also connect with this mains 220V
ok sir, that mean i can use 12v 10amp relay for 400 watt inverter ???
actually if you divide 400 by 220 it gives 1.8, that means even a 5 amp relay would work…
Sir what is the relays specifications??
It will depnd on the UPS wattage, for 200 watt and below, you can use ordinary 12V/400 ohm/5 amp relays
thanks a lot let me take time to build one and incorporate it to my inverter
have a blessed day sir
you are welcome Olupot
Passing inverter battery power via a relay could be a very bad thing considering the fact that the inverter could be drawings up to 90amps from the battery and if the really is rated 20-30a it could mess things up
In electronics Everything can be bad and dangerous if done non-technically, a 30 amp relay would burn and fuse at 90amp any sensible person will understand this.
hi sir. please I need a circuit of automatic fan that will cool my heatsink when it get hot.. the fan will automatically blowing when it cool it will stop blow. ..
chucks, you can try this
https://homemade-circuits.com/2015/03/fan-speed-controller-for-heatsink.html
Hello Swagatam ,
I have an 5.5kva microtek Inverter which i use to power my cyber cafe.The issue i am facing is as soon as the electricity trips or even fluctuates , a few of my computers goes off automatically although all the pc's have there own UPS (most of them are new or with new replaced batteries). Kindly help
Hello Sameer, PCs are generally very sensitive to power fluctuations and even the slightest of power lapses can rattle them…in your case it could be happening due to may be slight inefficiency with the relay changeover actions within the UPSs, which could be difficult to correct or avoid. You can try replacing the systems with SSR based UPSs or alternatively you can try replacing the relays with SSRs after doing some research in the field….
Sir, the normal regulator operate Air Cond fan only at number one, which is the highest among the change. if an attampt is made to reduce the speed, the fan goes off.
sorry, can't say without checking the motor practically.
Sir I need your assistence.
I have a Fan removed from dead Air Conditioner I what use it as a room fan but, it fails to work with cieling fan regulator.
Is there any circuit to achieve this?
Thank you Sir.
Aminu, both the motors are "capacitor-start" type however Air Cond motors are more powerful and include a relay,
first keep the dimmer at max speed let the motor start and then you can try reducing the speed once the relay has clicked.
Hi Swagatam,
Your blog makes interesting reading, and your knowledge seems to be phenomenal. I would like an 'idiots guide' to convert my inverter into an 'online' ups. I am not very technically savvy, but can manage my way around circuits – somewhat. I have an inverter for my house. It has two batteries of 500W each, I think. There is this delay in the inverter coming on once the mains fail. I was thinking of buying a new online one, but came across your blog. Would it be possible for me to make an add-on unit that I can use with the existing inverter? Or do I have to tinker with the existing circuitry – which I do not want to do. Some advice would be very welcome.
Thanks,
Yogi Bhattacharya
Thank you Yogendra, you will have to modify the existing inverter system by opening it and by checking the specific stages.
You will have to check the relay changeover section and remove the capacitor which may be causing the delay in its operation….once you do this you will be able to find the inverter switching much quicker and making an instant changeover from mains to battery and vice versa.
Thanks a lot, will attempt to do this. Will revert in case I need your assistance.
Hello sir. I would like to make a 12volt DC battery backup system to run 6 Led light each 12v 12wats and one 12v dc fan during power failure.i have 2 sealed lead acid batery each 12v 7Ah. Please guid me how to make this and i need to maintain battery by charging and without over discharge. Sorry for bad english.
hello, you can try the following circuit, this is full fledged emergency lamp circuit with max features:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2015/10/smart-emergency-lamp-circuit-with.html
sir, if i use dpdt 8 pin relay to change the mode, then one relay can change load from mains to inverter and another one relay(8 pin) can separate battery from charging mode to inverter battery terminal input, when main is out.so, please tell about correction to me.
Hi Swapan, yes you can use two DPDT relays for achieving the same results.
Hello… Sir, if I connect only one relay (12 volt,200 ohm) on the above change over circuit.then,what is the changes on circuit.
hello swapan, for a single relay the specifications should be 4 pole 4 throw type…that is it must have a 4 sets of N/C an N/O contacts and 4 central poles.
can I use DPDT 220v relay??
yes you can…
Ok, Sir.
Thank you.
Sir, can I get one that can safely charge 50Ah to below. like 40Ah, and or 20Ah.
thank you sir.
Thanks Aminu, I have a 12V, 5amp smps circuit posted in this blog you can try that for your requirement.
Ok Sir.
Thank you very much.
Sir, do you have a circuit on transformaless as above that can charge 200Ah 12v battery?
thanks a lot Sir.
I am sorry Aminu, I do not have a 20 amp smps at the moment, but if I find one will surely post it here for you.
Sir you are great!
and Iam greatful for the help.
Sir, can we charge 200Ah battery with transformarless charger circuit?
thank you once again.
It's my pleasure Aminu…
if the transformerless adapter is rated at 20 amps then yes it is possible.
Sir, I did it, and it works very fine.
Still I want to know what current of relay can handle 200 AH battery?
Thanks for the help sir.
Aminu, you can use a 30amp relay for that
Sir,
Both the relay and the transfo are removed from the same UPS.
then it's fine, you can use them together
Godd Evening Sir.
Sir, I want use this circuit as changeover and inverter switch.
I have built the circuit, but I used only three relay as above and the design is as follows:
*the first two relay are remain as it's on the circuit above.
*the third relay is used as a swicth between the inverter and the battery.
The positive ( ) were of the battery is placed in NC and the center were of the transfo is connected to the POLE of the relay.
Sir, I hope there is no problem with this desing. And I hope the relay can hold the current between the center were of the transfo and the positive terminal of the battery.
Thank you Sir.
Hi Aminu, if you do everything correctly then definitely it will work as explained in the article.
the relay contact current rating should be much above the current consumption of the transformer, to work handle it safely
Thanks Swagatam for clearing my doubt, another method I was thinking to put a diode before connecting UPS with battery, so there is no current to battery from UPS. If it is possible can I use IN007 (small diodes plenty available from old CFL ) may be 10 diode in parallel
Yes you can block one of the inputs through a diode, but 1N4007 will not work, even in parallel, because diodes cannot be connected in parallel.,,,you may have to opt for a special 10amp diode…
Hi Swagatam I have 2 PC working on one inverter, distance between inverter and PC is around 4 meter, I have 2 UPS good condition but without batteries, can I connect these UPS to battery of inverter directly, will there be conflict amid charger of inverter and chargers of UPS, if yes how can stop charging from UPS to inverter battery.
Technically there shouldn't be any conflict between the two since their polarity would be at the same level. You can prefer to remove the inverter charger as that may be easier to locate than to locate the charger section of the UPS.
Or you can simply leave them as is, and use the battery as common with the two units.
Hi, how does this circuit handle the fact that the AC mains and the mains from the inverter might be out of phase? What would appliances such as TV's do in a case where these phases are not alligned on the switch over?
Hi, this issue is not critical, even if there's a slight delay in the switching it won't harm the appliances in any manner….by the way TV sets work on DC, so anyway the phase angle doesn't make a difference
Hi Swangtam! your design is very great. i requst to please design a circuit of complete ups which operate only three energy saver light of 25watts. when ac present inverter should shutt off and battery get charge and during ac failure 3saver connected with this inverted luminate. i shall be very thankful to you.
Thanks Samar, I already have one design in this blog, you can check it out here:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/02/how-to-make-mini-homemade.html
hi swagatam
your idea is very but i have little confusion that all relays are powered by charger. so there may be time lag for relay to denergise during power failure because charger contains large filtering capacitors.
Hi Jignesh, an smps normally carries a low value filter at the output, therefore with 4 relay coils in parallel, may be a 100uF or 220uF capacitor could take hardly any time to get discharged, so I don't think that would create any significant lag for the relays.
we can use low resistance relays (100 ohms) for further ensuring a quick response from them.