This simple MOSFET controlled transformerless power supply circuit can be used for delivering a continuously variable 0 to 300V DC output and a current control from 100 mA to 1 Amp.
To protect against my high voltage research projects from going up in smoke permanently, I developed an easy circuit which is able to render a variable voltage supply of 0 to 330 Volt.
But please be cautioned, the circuit is not isolated from mains potential, and therefore can inflict a lethal shock.
The supply is short-circuit proof: the current is restricted to approximately 100mA.
WARNING: ALL THE ABOVE CIRCUITS CARRY LETHAL MAINS VOLTAGE AND THEREFORE ARE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. IT CAN KILL ANYBODY, IF TOUCHED ANYWHERE ON THE CIRCUIT IN POWERED CONDITION. OBSERVE APPROPRIATE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID ANY MISHAP.
Circuit Operation
The design does not require a transformer, rather a 100 watt bulb is introduced at the input in order to provide ultimate safety in case of a short circuit or a component failure.
The mains voltage from after passing through the lamp is rectified with bridge D1 (1Amp / 500V) and C1.
T1 is configured as a source follower: the source of T1 complies with the voltage of the wiper of R3. D2 is insured to safeguard the gate of T1.
T2 and shunt resistor R2 establish the current limiter. Whenever the output current results in being excessive, T2 quickly discharges the gate of T1.
This stops the current from increasing any further. The value of R3 was basically identified experimentally; however it actually depends on the Hfe of T2 which means you may need to adjust the value of R2 appropriately.
Keep in mind T1 requires a large heatsink: in nastiest situation T1 would probably disperse 330V x 100mA = 33Watt!
You may try mosfets such as a BUZ 326 (400V/10.5Amp) or you may likewise use an IRF740 (400V/10Amp).
The output impedance of the power supply varies according to the beta of T1, therefore the bigger the MOSFET, the lesser the output impedance!
Circuit Diagram
UPDATE:
The above design could be much simplified as indicated in the following diagram. The bridge rectifier has been eliminated which drastically reduces the stress level on the MOSFET. However, the ripple generated due to a half wave rectification may be significantly higher. The output 10uF filter capacitor helps to reduce this to some extent. The value of this capacitor could be increased to higher levels for improving the DC quality.
The input series lamp can be added, although this may not be required due to the presence of the current control stage in the design. However, for better safety a fuse may be added in series with the input line.
The output load specification must not exceed 100 ma
Video Proof:
This power supply can be used to obtain a regulated power output, variable right from zero to 300 volts maximum. All the devices should be mounted on heatsinks.
Using a Combination of BJT and Mosfets
Circuit Operation
The next transformerless 0-300V variable power supply circuit diagram can be understood with the following points:As can be seen in the figure, a high voltage transistor BF458 is used as the main load handling device.
Its base bias is controlled by another high voltage transistor BF337 whose emitter is clamped to a stable 24 volts.An FET is used for selecting the base current of the transistor BF337 via a pot of 1M.
This setting adjusts the base current for the BF337 which in turn restricts the main transistor BF458s voltage and current flow to the output.
The input to the circuit may be derived directly from the mains AC after proper rectification and filtration using a bridge network and a 10u/400V capacitor.
The entire circuit is extremely dangerous to touch, due care should be maintained while making and testing this circuit.
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