The post elaborately explains an automatic single chip CC/CV or constant current, constant voltage Li-Ion battery charger circuit, using the IC TP4056, with battery temperature sensing and termination facility.
Contents
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The TP4056 is a comprehensive constant-current (CC), constant-voltage (CV) linear charger IC specially designed for safely charging single cell lithium-ion batteries.
It comes with a SOP package and hardly any external component count making the IC TP4056 specially applicable for portable Li-Ion chaging applications.
In addition, the TP4056 can also work with USB and wall socket based adapter supplies.
The design does not depend on any blocking diode due to the presence of an internal PMOSFET architecture which is configured to prevent any sort of negative Charge Current in the Circuit.
A special Thermal feedback loop is included in order to regulate the charge current to limit the body temperature while using in high power operation mode or with high ambient temperatures.
The full charge voltage is fixed at 4.2V, while the charge current can be adjusted externally through a given single resistor.
The IC TP4056 is featured to automatically shut down the charging cycle as soon as the charge current has dropped to 1/10th the set value, after the final float voltage is accomplished.
Some of the other mains features of this IC TP4056 include a built-in current monitor circuitry, an under voltage lockout, an automatic recharge resumption, and a couple of status pinouts to indicate full-charge cut off and the supply input voltage switch ON.
IC TP4056 image and pinout arrangement
FEATURES and SPECIFICATIONS
·Charge Current may be programmed to a max 1000mA
·The circuit can be free of power devices, Sensing Resistor or a Blocking Diode
·A full fledged Linear Charger in SOP-8 Package for charging applications of Single Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries.
·Designed to Produces a Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage Output
·Capable of Charging Single Cell Li-Ion Batteries through Direct USB Port plugin
·Internally set 4.2V constant Charge Voltage with +/-1.5% Accuracy
·Includes an Automatic Recharge initialization.
·A double LED compatible Charge Status Output Pins for indication purpose
·C/10 Charge Termination or auto shut down feature
·Trickle charge is initiated as soon as a 2.9V threshold is reached.
·An Internal Soft-Start processor Limits and inhibits Inrush surge Current
·Comes with a 8-Lead SOP Package, The Radiator needs to be connected to GND.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Supply Voltage(VCC)：-0.3V～8V ·
TEMP：-0.3V～10V
CE：-0.3V～10V
BAT Short-Circuit Duration：Continuous
BAT Pin Current：1200mA
PROG Pin Current：1200uA
Maximum Junction Temperature：145°C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range：-40°C～85°C
Lead Temp.(Soldering, 10sec)：260°C
APPLICATIONS
Cellphones, PDAs, GPS
Charging Docks and Cradles
Digital Still Cameras, Portable Devices
USB Bus-Powered Chargers,Chargers
Pinout specification and functioning details of TP4056 IC
TEMP(Pin 1) :Temperature Sense Input
Hooking up TEMP pin with an NTC thermistor's output in Lithium ion battery pack. If TEMP pin’s voltage goes under 45% or over 80% of supply voltage VIN exceeding 0.15S, this indicates that
battery’s temperature is simply too high or overly reduced, charging at this position is stopped. The temperature detection feature could be disabled by joining the TEMP pinto the ground rail.
PROG(Pin 2): is associated with the Constant Charge Current Setting and may be set by attaching a resistor RI(prog) from this pin2 to GND.
While in the precharge mode, the ISET pin’s voltage is regulated to around 0.2V. and in constant charge current mode, the ISET pin’s voltage is regulated to around 2V. Within all modes and in the process of charging, the voltage on ISET pin could be utilized to monitor the charge current through a meter.
GND(Pin3): Ground Terminal
Vcc(Pin 4): Positive Input Supply Voltage
VIN is the power supply input for the internal circuit to operate. Any time VIN falls at around 30mv below the BAT pin voltage, TP4056 goes into low power sleep mode, reducing BAT pin’s current below 2uA.
BAT(Pin5): Battery Connection Pin.
Link the positive terminal of the battery to BAT pin. BAT pin consumes lower than 2uA current whenever the chip is in the disable mode or in sleep mode. BAT pin offers charge current for the connected battery and presents it with a voltage regulation of precise 4.2V.
(Pin6): Open Drain Charge Status Output, Whenever the battery reaches the Charge Termination shut off point, this pinout is dragged low through an in-built switch, but normally this pin remains in high impedance status.
(Pin7): Open Drain Charge Status Output Once the battery is connected and begins charging, this pinout is taken low by an in-built switch, in any other case the pin is held at high impedance condition.
CE(Pin8): Chip Enable Input. A high input here enables the unit to be in the typical operating mode.
Towing the CE pin to a logic low level will force the TP4056 chip into a disable or shut down mode.
The CE pin is compatible and could be associated wit TTL or CMOS logic triggers.
Li-Ion Battery charger circuit using TP4056
The following design represents the typical Li-ion battery charger circuit with constant current and constant voltage features and with auto termination at 4.2V.
The following figure shows the LED status indication details for the above discussed CV, CC Li-Ion battery charger circuit.
Courtesy: NanJing Top Power ASIC Corp.
bruce wilson says
I also would like to use the pin 1, temp sense capability, using a 10k type 2 NTC thermistor, but seem to have problems with the R1,R2 values to get proper temp tracking setup.
Swag says
Please refer to the comment discussion with ABBA
Alexander says
Hi there! I want to use this IC in my DIY powerbank. How many 18650 cells can I charge with this board? Is there any difference how many cells do I connect to it?.. Thanks a lot, keep up the great work.
Swag says
Hi, Thanks for posting the question, You can charge only one cell with this circuit.
Kevin says
Great circuits. I have cells rated at 3.7Volts. Could you use this by including a small voltage regulator from say 4 down to 3.7 volts between pin 5 and the cell?
Swag says
Thanks Kevin, I am glad you liked it!
Swag says
A 3.7V cell will require a 4.2V input and will need to be charged until it reaches a full charge level of 4.2V, so this circuit can be used directly with your 3.7V cells without any modifications.
Waqar says
Hello Bro,
How can i make cutt-off circuit for load cutt-off when charging battery?
Please suggest me circuit using n-channel or p-channel mosfet.
When i connect battery charger for charging it should disconnect load from battery and when i remove charger it should connect the load to battery.
Thanks
Swag says
Bro, the circuit will automatically disconnect the charger and connect the load with the battery, so removing the charger will not be necessary.
you can try the following concept
https://homemade-circuits.com/universal-battery-charger-circuit-with/
you can replace the BJTs with mosfets
Waqar says
Bro this wasn’t i meant.
I made emergency light.
It should automatically turn on when electricity is not available (means during load shedding hours) and should turn off when electricity is available.
I used to accomplish this using mechanical relay.
But now I can’t get 5v relays easily. So please suggest me NO and NC solid state relay circuit. I want to replace mechanical relay using mosfets.
Thanks
Swag says
without schematic it will be difficulty for me to give the solution.
however here’s one idea that you can refer to
https://homemade-circuits.com/12v-dc-solid-state-relay-ssr-100-amps/
Waqar says
This is the right circuit i wanted. NC and NO SSR using mosfets
Thanks
Swag says
OK great, wish you all the best!!
ABBA says
hi Swagatam, i can’t find the value of R1,R2 and NTC
Swag says
Hi Abba, I too could not find any reference to it in the article, as well as in the datasheet.
However from the placement of R1, R2 it clearly seems that those are positioned to set the battery temperature sensing threshold.
You can experiment it by using 4k7 for R1 and a 10K preset for R2, this preset can be tweaked to identify and set the battery temperature sensing and cut-off threshold point.
ABBA says
hi swagatam i can’t find the value of R1 and R2 AND NTC. THANKS
Mr Jones says
Hi, I’ve built a charger project using the TP4056 and it works fine but when it reaches 4.06v it stops charging, the red light stays on, I’ve got a heat sink on top of the chip with non conductive thermal tape and the board sits on a piece of veroboard securing the wires and heatsink, there’s a 7seg LED voltmeter in parallel to the battery and an LED with 300 ohm as the LED was quite bright. If I switch charge off at 4.06v then back on the TP’s blue LED will come on. The 5v supply is fine, could it be the voltmeter or wiring maybe, thought I’d ask someone in the know before taking it apart ? Thanks
Swag says
Hi, It seems the IC is functioning but instead of 4.2V it is switching OFF at 4.06, which looks like an internal issue with the IC, I don’t think it is due to the voltmeter, but it is better to verify the same by removing the voltmeter and connecting it only after the red lED lights up.
and is the IC getting too much warm? If it is then make sure to attach the heatsink firmly with the IC, and use ample heatsink compound paste between the two.
Joshi says
Hi Sir,
Pls. help me. I need to charge LI-In Battery (48Volt single Cell/50 Amp).
Need circuit diagram with universal AC input and DC output of 50DC/50Amp with Battery Voltahge monitor, cuts-off the Primary when Battery is fully charged.
Thanks in advance.
Joshi
Swagatam says
Hi Joshi,
you can try the concept which is shown in the following article:
https://homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/high-current-10-to-20-amp-automatic.html
Siraj says
Hi sir I need help regarding TP4056 circuit board which i am using to make my circuit of connecting 3v dc motor to OUT terminal of the board and 18650 1000mah batter to battery terminal. When battery is connected to the circuit motor power ON and runs where as when battery is removed from the circuit it doesn't run the motor and a boost is required by connecting back the battery in circuit So can you plz help me to fix this issue to run the motor even when battery is not in circuit. The second issue is as the motor is of 3V it getting high voltage around 4v than the normal 3v so can that be fixed.
Thanks
Swagatam says
Hi Siraj, you cannot have 0V at pin#5, otherwise the IC will go into a sleep mode…as suggested in the following instruction:
"VIN is the power supply input for the internal circuit to operate. Any time VIN falls at around 30mv below the BAT pin voltage, TP4056 goes into low power sleep mode, reducing BAT pin’s current below 2uA."
By the way why do you want to connect a motor with this IC, it is recommended only for charging a battery not for any other purpose…
fayyaz says
how to use 4056 ic with automatic emergency led touch light
fayyaz says
Thanks sir working fine but pcb heats up little bit battery is 3000 mah
Swagatam says
Hi Fayyaz, if the heat is little then there's nothing to worry, it could be due to your 3000mAH battery which may be trying to pull current over 1200mAH from the IC.
fayyaz says
SIR
HOW TO USE THIS CIRCUIT WITH AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LED TORCH CIRCUIT
Swagatam says
Fayyaz, use the above circuit in between the supply input and the LED circuit….make sure the input is a fixed 5V.
bashir abdulkadir says
please sir help me to cross check this circuit and tell me if there is mistake in it ?? 3.bp.blogspot.com/-_UdjHmMHQv0/UFH_g8yEScI/AAAAAAAAAAk/ryA0wD3BxjY/s1600/12v%2Binverter%2Bdiagram.JPG
Swagatam says
It has serious faults and if the inverter is made as per the diagram it will never work