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You are here: Home / Inverter Circuits / Simple 48V Inverter Circuit

Simple 48V Inverter Circuit

Last Updated on August 3, 2020 by Swagatam 116 Comments

The post explains a simple 48V inverter circuit which may be rated at as high as 2 KVA. The entire design is configured around a single IC 4047 and a few power transistors.

Technical Specifications

I am a big fan of u....i am a wisp. i need an inverter design with 48volt DC input and 230volt output supply and output power in the range up to 500w.

This inverter will be running 24*7*365 days continuously and should not have charging facility. will u please design the circuit and transformer running on 48v.

Thanks & Regards

Circuit Diagram

The Design

Referring to the shown 48V inverter circuit, the IC 4047 forms the main oscillator stage responsible of producing a totem pole outputs for the connected output stage.

The output stage is made by configuring a 4 individual high gain high power transistors modules, two of them on each channel of the push pull output stage.

The TIP122 are themselves internally configured as Darlingtons which are further attached with TIP35 transistor in the Darlington for generating exceptionally powerful current gain across each of the modules.

Setting up the Oscillator Frequency

C1 and R1 must be appropriately set for achieving the desired frequency as per the required specifications...could  be 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

The shown 48 V inverter configuration is designed to generate a massive 2 kva of output power provided the devices are mounted on sufficiently large heatsinks and the battery rated at 48 V, 100 AH, also the transformer rated at 36-0-36V, 1 kva
For lower outputs, one of the modules could be eliminated from each of the channels.

The BJT BC546 is positioned to provide a reasonably fixed 9 V to the IC in order to keep the IC safe from the high battery voltage and within its specified working voltage limit.




Previous: LED PWM Controlled Tubelight Circuit
Next: Sine Wave Inverter using Bubba Oscillator Circuit

About Swagatam

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials.
If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!

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  1. Search Related Posts for Commenting

  2. Anton says

    Can anyone direct me to a store where can i find the transformer 36-0-36v 1kv.
    Thanks

    Reply
  3. Maksudan Ray says

    200 vA 48V inverter circuit digram and transformer data That i need please

    Reply
  4. Rajiv says

    Hello swagatham,
    I trued irfp240 one pair for a 300w transformer ofwith 48-0-48 primary, but it’s heating up and working at just half the power when I tested it with a 60w bulb, what could be the solution?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Hello Rajiv, Please use IRF540, two in parallel for each channel, and on large heatsink.
      make sure to connect a 100uF/100V across the supply terminals of the IC. And I hope you have used the BC546 stage for dropping the supply to the IC

      Reply
  5. ainsworth lynch says

    Good day,

    Do you have an inverter with feedback, I want to use arduino to add feedback to my arduino inverter.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Good day, I do not have an Arduino based feedback system, but an universal Op amp based design is explained in the following article, which cuts off the MOSFETs when an overvoltage is detected

      https://www.homemade-circuits.com/load-independentoutput-corrected/

      Reply
  6. SDesai says

    May you kindly assist with a design for 230V AC to 48V 3Amps DC charger circuit with auto cutoff or even simple conversion circuit.

    Thank you.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      You can try this

      https://www.homemade-circuits.com/make-this-48v-automatic-battery-charger/

      Reply
  7. Bogdan says

    which are the values โ€‹โ€‹of c1 and r1 for 50hz
    Tks

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      you can try 68K and 0.1uF

      Reply
  8. violet says

    May you kindly assist with a design for 48V DC to 240V AC converter .
    The 48V DC must be supplied by a battery that is solar powered.
    Thank you.

    Reply
  9. vhafuwi says

    Thanks, Swagatam, any idea to make it Pure Sine wane ?

    Reply
    • Swag says

      Hi Vhafuwi, you will have to chop the transistor base frequency with SPWM just as we did in this post for creating a sinewave!

      https://www.homemade-circuits.com/pure-sine-wave-inverter-circuit-using/

      Reply
  10. K. ivan says

    I used CD 4047IC,got 6VAC on pins 10& 11 ,fed it to IRF540 mosfets it drastically drops to around 2VAC and I need 12VAC to be stepped up. What can I do to get 12VAC?

    Reply
    • Swag says

      at pin10/11 it will show 6V for a 12V battery (50% duty cycle)….where does it show 2V? where do you want have 12V? Please explain with proper details.

      Reply
  11. Yusuf abdulazeez says

    Good day Mr Swagatam, we ar appreciative of what u ar doing for human raise. Pls can u show me d diagram of how to connect a relay on inverter so dat when light frm d grid comes it wil be charging automatically. God bles u.

    Reply
    • Swag says

      Good day Yusuf,

      you can try the last diagram from the following article

      https://homemade-circuits.com/how-to-convert-inverter-to-ups/

      Reply
  12. Kavitha says

    For 1kw inverter what tytransformer is used (ratings and type)?

    Reply
    • Swag says

      divide 1000 with the respective voltage ratings of the transformer winding, you will get the approximate ratings for the winding…it will iron core type, center tap.

      Reply
      • Kavitha says

        Can u give the rating (12-0-12 or 18-0-18)for 1kw inverter

        Reply
        • Swag says

          divide 1000 by 12, and 1000 by 24 for the primary current rating respectively…similarly divide 1000 with 220 for getting the secondary current rating

          Reply
  13. Dammy says

    Wil BC546 still work for a 96-0-96 transformer for higher watt say 10kVA?

    And what if I wanna include a charger facility using a relay, can you pls help me out?

    Reply
    • Swag says

      for 96V you may need to replace it with MJE340 BJT…..once you finish building finish the inverter then we can discuss the relay changeover section elaborately

      Reply
      • Dammy says

        Okay. Thanks. You’re such a blessing. Will get back to you

        Reply
        • Dammy says

          Pls,im waiting for responses oo

          Reply
  14. Dammy says

    I want to know how you arrived at 2kw power from the transistor connection. Thanks

    Reply
    • Swag says

      each TIP35 is rated to handle 25 amps and two of them are connected in parallel on each channel, and the battery voltage is 48V, therefore multiplying, 25 x 2 x 48 gives 2400 watts…I hope you have understood now…

      Reply
      • Dammy says

        …..buy what about the maximum collector power dissipation Whuch is 90W. Does it not have effect at all?

        Reply
        • Swag says

          you must consider the calculation after a heatsink is connected, not without a heatsink.

          Reply
        • Dammy says

          Can I also ask if it’s a pure sine wave or square wave. Although, I thought its a pure sine wave until I saw a comment that it’s square wave inverter, pls send more light. Thanks

          Reply
          • Swag says

            How can it be a sinewave? there’s no PWM attached here…so it is a square wave design

            Reply
          • Dammy says

            It can be a sine wave because CD4047 can be used to produce a pure sine wave inverter. What do you mean by “no pwm attached to it”?… I want to learn pls

            Reply
            • Swag says

              here only a simple 4047 inverter is shown so it cannot be a sinewave, a sinewave example can be seen here:

              https://homemade-circuits.com/pure-sine-wave-inverter-circuit-using/

      • Dammy says

        I am still not cleared on Something. TIP35 has a maximum collector power dissipation of 90W from its data sheet but from your calculations above, one TIP35 would handle 1200W for 48V which looks contradicting. Pls shed more light.

        Also, what is the function of TIP122 at the power stage. Pls, I need responses

        Reply
        • Swag says

          It is not 90, it is 125 watts…that is power dissipation rating at 25 degree Celsius.

          According to my analysis, this refers to the maximum wattage the device can handle without an heatsink.

          But the datasheet also mentions that the device can handle 100V at 25 amps across its collector/emitter, which is beyond the capacity of the device without a heatsink, therefore a large heatsink must be attached to enable normal working of the device…

          The TIP122 is added to create a Darlington pair with TIP35 because the input from the IC can be too low to operate the TIP35 directly, you can use any other power device such TIP31 etc…

          Reply
  15. OLUPOT DANIEL says

    ok now i get you better i will buy one from a transfo proffessional

    Reply
    • Dammy says

      You can determine the gauge of wire to be used by calculating the current from VA/Vpri, then do Current/current density(between 2.2 and 2.4 for copper) to get the conductor size. After getting the conductor size, you can relate it with the AWG standard. Problem solved. ?

      Reply
  16. OLUPOT DANIEL says

    good day sir thanks for the post i have learnt from it but sir i stil find a problem in determining the gauge of wire that i need to use for winding both primary and secondary part of the transformer so help me pleasr

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      OLupot, you are not supposed to wind the transformer at home, i wouldn't recommend that, instead you must buy it readymade or get it built by a professional trafo designer.

      Reply
  17. Ainsworth Lynch says

    I cannot understand that schematic, I don't see frequency at any point on it

    Reply
    • Ferdimar International says

      hi Lynch
      the frequency is set with C1 and R1.
      with a fixed capacitor at C1 and a variable resistor at R1, R1 can be adjusted to get the desired output frequency at pin 10 and 11

      Reply
  18. Ainsworth Lynch says

    can this circuit be modified to gain 30khz?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      I am not sure about it, you can check the datasheet of the IC to confirm it.

      Reply
      • Bogdan says

        Hy ! which is idle consumption ?

        Reply
        • Swagatam says

          around 25 mA

          Reply
  19. Ainsworth Lynch says

    the output from one wave form should be inverted or should both wave forms be normal? from pins 10 and 11?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      both will be same (positive)…..the alternate inversion is done by the transformer

      Reply
  20. Ainsworth Lynch says

    if I need 50hz or 60hz operation? I ask because I want to build a complete inverter circuit with the arduino so I am trying to work up all the details I seem to forget

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      yes it will be as stated in the previous comment….

      Reply
  21. Ainsworth Lynch says

    This is a totem pole design is it the norm across pin 10 and 11 to be 100 or 120hz?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      for 50 Hz, it will be 100Hz and for 60Hz it will be 120Hz

      Reply
  22. ravi verma says

    my wimax poe adapter is short…pls help me

    Reply
  23. HAFIZ ABDUL WAHAB MIRZA says

    HI Mr. SWAGATAM MAJUMDAR
    I hope you will fine and enjoying a good life.
    I am your web student, this is a big honor for me. I am thankful to you because I have made many project of your design and published that with your name.
    Now I want to make a 48v or 96v 500Watts inverter to reduce load current for a ling battery backup.
    Will you help me to make this?
    1 The above diagram is used for 48v inverter or there is some change in it.
    2 The Transformer is used in this diagram is 36-0-36 or 48-0-48 volt.

    Thanks
    Regard : Engineer Hafiz Abdul Wahab Mirza

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Thank you Mr. Hafiz,

      you can use the above diagram exactly as shown, with a 48V/56V supply.

      the transformer can be 42-0-42 or 45-0-45V but not less than this.

      the output will be an ordinary square wave.

      Reply
  24. Ainsworth Lynch says

    what if I dont have many 12v batteries to connect in series for example I just have 2 that would mean the transformer will be huge to manage over 160amps for something like a 2000watt inverter but for example if I have (2) 225ah 12v batteries and I want to parallel them but I need a 2000 watts which I would need 166amps and that transformer couldnt hold in a small case but if I had a boost converter to boost the voltage up to say 60v from 12v then I could use a much smaller transformer thats the point I am trying to make, I still dont know if that makes an sense to you.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      An inverter is itself a boost converter, so there's no need of involving two transformers for the results….you can use the concept which is discussed here and which you have already studied

      https://homemade-circuits.com/2014/07/5kva-ferrite-core-inverter-circuit.html

      Reply
  25. Ainsworth Lynch says

    OK then I assumed that… The idea behind using a boost converter is for an inverter purpose, I'm assuming also you will say that using a boost converter is pointless or inefficient. I wanted to use it because it would then allow me to buy smaller transformers for example if I wanted to build a 2000 Watt inverter I would need to pull atleast 166 watts from my battery bank also the primary of the transformer would need to be able to manage that amount of current also and that's impractical for a transformer fitting into a regular size inverter enclosure, but if I had a boost converter which I could use an inductor which could manage the 2000 watts but with an output of 60-100v then it would be much simpler to buy or build a transformer of that spec and also it would be smaller and more suitable, if that makes sence to you then let me know…. If so could you design a boost converter to step up a 12dc to 60v or above at high enough wattage 2000 and above

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      No it doesn't make any sense at all, it's like trying to make a car engine by joining 4, 5 motorcycle engines….for your own satisfaction you can surely try it out and see how it performs

      instead of using a boost converter it's better to use many 12V batteries in series

      Reply
  26. Ainsworth Lynch says

    I'll give my reason for wanting to try it, but first why wouldn't it make sense?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      outputs are normally connected in parallel to increase current, but for a boost or buck converter it can be simply done by modifying the coil and the power device.

      Reply
  27. Ainsworth Lynch says

    I was thinking about something I dont know if it could happen can I actually parallel 2 or more boost converter outputs together?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      It's possible, but doesn't make sense

      Reply
  28. eshkariel tapiador says

    Can you explain the use of zener diode as a shunt regulator??.
    And the BC546 too…..how does it regulate 9v for the IC?….R
    The input voltage from the collector of BC546 is 48v right?…
    Tnx.. ๐Ÿ™‚

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      ๐Ÿ™‚ it is not a shunt, it's an emitter follower, please Google how an emitter follower works.

      yes collector is 48V, but the emitter will be slightly less than the base zener value…8.4V to be precise

      Reply
  29. eshkariel tapiador says

    Good Evening Engr. Swagatam! ^_^
    Can you describe the uses briefly? :

    1. 4 x 10k resistor
    2. 4 x diodes (except zener)
    tnx for the info…I need it for our interview…in which I chose this type of circuit…

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Eshkariel, the 4 resistors are for biasing the respective transistors so that they can conduct and induce the oscillating current in the trafo.

      the diodes are for safeguarding the transistors from the reverse EMFs from the trafo winding during their OFF periods

      Reply
    • eshkariel tapiador says

      What a speedy reply!! Tnx engr.! ^^

      Reply
      • Swagatam says

        you are welcome!

        Reply
  30. ainsworth lynch says

    Each time I made a test I told you the frequency so why would you assume I didnt have a device to test even after I told you that I had one….. there are alot of capacitors, it would take very long to go through all just to get one frequency I am not a pro…. anyway I got the 50hz, thanks anyway.

    I used irfz44n I didnt use any driver transistors and then power transistors I used 100ohm resistors to feed the gates to increase power I can just bridge from those same 100ohm resistors to gates of additional fets or should I add more 100ohm resistors?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      If you have a proper frequency meter then it's just a matter of adjusting the relevant preset or capacitor and measuring the results, that doesn't require to be a pro.

      yes your fet connections are OK. you must add separate resistors for each parallel fet.

      Reply
  31. ainsworth lynch says

    my multimeter can do frequency test, i just put both probs onto the output of the transformer and adjust pot and thats the lowest it went, about 119hz

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      if you had a frequency measuring facility then why were you not using it so far?

      anyway increase the capacitor and check again… these are so basic stuffs…

      Reply
  32. ainsworth lynch says

    I have a multimeter thats all, I just wanted to know which capacitor to use, I tried a code 104 on a basic setup of a 4047 inverter and I adjusted the 50k preset I used and I got it to 100hz, I just need 50hz

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      how do you know it's 100Hz?

      try two 104 in parallel

      Reply
  33. ainsworth lynch says

    I dont know what that means :1/8.8RC at pin10 and 11 which would be the way to work out the frequency at 50hz.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      use a frequency meter then…

      Reply
  34. ainsworth lynch says

    would a 0.02mf get 50hz

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      verify it with a frequency meter or refer t the formulas presented in this article:

      https://homemade-circuits.com/2013/09/ic-4047-datasheet-pinouts-application.html

      C will be in Farads

      Reply
  35. ainsworth lynch says

    i used a clamp meter to check amp readings, and which capacitor can I use to get 50hz

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      put an ammeter in series with the positive line to get a physical reading of the consumption

      Reply
  36. ainsworth lynch says

    I am getting 5 amps on the positive leg of the battery and 2amps on the negative leg, 0v ac from transformer, battery voltage wen circuit is attached is 12.30v and detached it is 12.67v, I got 33khz from transformer, transistors seems normally warm nothing too much but the transformer get hot i think because of high frequency.

    I got 5v across the output pins 10&11 of ic 4047
    also I am getting 10v dc between center top and each end of the input of the transformer.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      make the frequency 50Hz and then check…

      Reply
    • Swagatam says

      and different current readings on +/- poles of the battery is not possible, how did you check it?

      also without any load the amp reading should be very small, in milliAmps

      Reply
  37. ainsworth lynch says

    ok i just built it I could only find code 473 resistor and I used some tip3055 along with 3 tip106 and 1 tip105 and I only had a 50k pot I used 1 amp diodes accross the transistors and used a half amp transformer at 12v just to test but I got no output.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      check if the output is oscillating or not, and also check your battery current and voltage.

      Reply
  38. ainsworth lynch says

    ok then will build this tomorrow and I will use 12v, I wont use the bc546 do I need the 10k 1/2 watt resistor?

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      the 10k resistor, zener and the BC546 can be eliminated if a 12V supply is used.

      Reply
  39. ainsworth lynch says

    If its electrolytic would that be a problem because I am wondering if thats the problem on my 4047 inverter…. I can only get that value as polarized so dont know which way to turn it.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      you can use two nonpolar 0.47uF capacitors in parallel, or simply first try with a single 0.47uF for getting the required 50Hz frequency

      Reply
  40. ainsworth lynch says

    value of c

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      1uF/25V

      Reply
  41. ainsworth lynch says

    What's the value for the pot and and the c to get 50hz and ho do you calculate it

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      you can try a 22k pot

      Reply
  42. ainsworth lynch says

    So what if I have a DC fan that uses a positive 12 volt but I have a source that is negative 12v could I apply the 12volts to a regulator and connect the fan to the out put and get it to work?

    If yes then I would assume that I have to use a positive voltage regulator to do so and if that's the case why wouldn't I get the same results if I used a negative voltage regulator since I would be directing the flow of current by using the regulator.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      if you have a -12V supply, you would also have the other wire as the +12V….use this other wire as the (+) for the motor…

      Reply
  43. ainsworth lynch says

    Just asking something that I was in a discussion with a friend about, he says negative and positive voltage in relative is actually the samething it's just the direction of flow that makes the difference, would you say that's true? If not could you explain what the actual difference is.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      yes that's correct…

      Reply
  44. ainsworth lynch says

    ok all I would have to do is apply 12v, nothing wouldnt have to be changed other than adding a 12-0-12 transformer

    can I use something else instead of the 20amp diodes could I use resistors if so what values could I use, only 3amp diodes are available where I am.

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      20amp diodes would be necessary if the trafo is also rated at 20+ amps…for smaller trafos the diode ratings may be appropriately lowered

      Reply
    • Swagatam says

      …resistors cannot be used instead of diodes for freewheeling application

      Reply
  45. ainsworth lynch says

    ok all I would have to do is apply 12v, nothing wouldnt have to be changed other than adding a 12-0-12 transformer

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      that's right….the BC546 will not be required with a 12V battery as the supply

      Reply
  46. ainsworth lynch says

    Can i use a 12v input

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      yes, can be used

      Reply
  47. Saurabh Sinha says

    Sir..
    I am unable to find those transistors (9012,9013) . So
    can i use 547, 557.
    ((This is the curcuit of firealarm using electronic buzzer alarm .))

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      you can try 2N2222, 2N2907 instead

      BC547/557 are 100 mA rated, not sure whether it'll work for your application or not.

      Reply
  48. Rashid Ansari says

    Dear Sir,

    Please upload a very very simple inverter circuit by which I can run a 100 W A.C fan only.
    It's input should be 12 V.

    Thanks in advance.

    Regards.

    Rashid R. Ansari

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Dear Rashid, you can try the following circuit

      https://homemade-circuits.com/2012/02/how-to-make-simplest-inverter-circuit.html

      Reply
  49. RITWIK NAUDIYAL says

    Ok sir 100W inverter would do then…
    thnk u
    Please try to post soon ๐Ÿ™‚

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      OK!

      Reply
  50. Saurabh Sinha says

    hello sir …
    CS9012 Transistor is same BC 557 (PNP).and CS9013 Transistor is same BC547????????
    (9012 = 557)
    (9013 = 547)

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      9012/9013 = 500mA, 30V

      BC547/557 = 100mA, 45V

      Reply
  51. RITWIK NAUDIYAL says

    Hello Sir!! I am a 4th year B.Tech Student Electrical Eng.
    We are trying to make pure wave sine wave inverter using PWM and bubba oscilator for our Final project.also along with it a battery charging and auto cut off circuit would be needed
    We want the inverter to work for day to day purposes.We would be grateful to you if u can give a working circuit fr this.
    thnk u!

    Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Hello Ritwik please specify the following:

      battery voltage?

      inverter wattage?

      Reply
    • RITWIK NAUDIYAL says

      battery voltage would be around 24 V
      Wattage 500W

      Is this inverter specification alright fr thr project demonstration??
      or should go with a smaller wattage say 100W

      Reply
    • Swagatam says

      Inverters can be made right from 10 watts to 100000 watts regardless of their types,
      watts and volts are not specific to inverter designs….so 24V 500 watt is just one of the ranges and can be incorporated for your application.

      100 watt would be better since it would require smaller parts.

      I'll try to post it soon…keep in touch.

      Reply


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  • Battery Back up Time Calculator
  • Capacitance Reactance Calculator
  • IC 555 Astable Calculator
  • IC 555 Monostable Calculator
  • Inductance Calculator
  • LC Resonance Calculator
  • LM317, LM338, LM396 Calculator
  • Ohmโ€™s Law Calculator
  • Phase Angle Phase Shift Calculator
  • Power Factor (PF) Calculator
  • Reactance Calculator
  • Small Signal Transistor(BJT) and Diode Quick Datasheet
  • Transistor Astable Calculator
  • Transistor base Resistor Calculator
  • Voltage Divider Calculator
  • Wire Current Calculator
  • Zener Diode Calculator

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