We all are pretty familiar with the 78XX voltage regulator ICs or the adjustable types such as LM317, LM338 etc. Though these regulators are outstanding with their specified functioning and reliability, these regulators have one big disadvantage.... they won't control anything above 35V.
Circuit Operation
The circuit presented in the following article introduces a DC regulator design which effectively counters the above issue and is able handle voltages as high as 100V.
I am a great admirer of the above mentioned types of ICs simply because they are easy to understand easy to configure and require bare minimum number of components, and are also relatively cheap to build.
However in areas where input voltages can be higher than 35 or 40 volts, things become difficult with these ICs.
While designing a solar controller for panels which produces in excess of 40 volts, I searched a lot over the net for some circuit that would control the 40+ volts from the panel to the desired output levels, say to 14V, but was quite disappointed as I couldn't find a single circuit which could fulfill the required specifications.
All I could find was a 2N3055 regulator circuit which couldn't supply even 1 amp current.
Failing to find a suitable match I had to advise the customer to go for a panel that would not generate anything above 30 volts...that's the compromise the customer had to make using a LM338 charger regulator.
However after some thinking I could finally come up with a design which is able to tackle high input voltages (DC) and is a lot better than the LM338/LM317 counterparts.
Let's try to understand my design in details with the following points:
Referring to the circuit diagram, the IC 741 becomes the heart of the entire regulator circuit.
Basically it has been set up as a comparator.
Pin#2 is provided with t a fixed reference voltage, decided by the value of the zener diode.
Pin#3 is clamped with a potential divider network which is appropriately calculated for sensing the voltages exceeding the specified output limit of the circuit.
Initially when the power is switched ON, R1 triggers the power transistor which tries to transfer the voltage at its source (input voltage) across the other side of its drain pin.
The moment voltage hits the Rb/Rc network, it senses the rising voltage conditions and within a fraction of a second the situation triggers the IC whose output instantaneously goes high, switching off the power transistor.
This instantly tends to switch OFF the voltage at the output reducing the voltage across Rb/Rc, prompting the IC output to go low again, turning ON the power trasistor so that the cycle locks in and repeats, initiating an output level that's just exactly equal to the desired value set by the user.
Circuit Diagram
The values of the unspecified components in the circuit may be calculated by the following formulas and the desired output voltages may be fixed and set up:
R1 = 0.2 x R2 (k Ohms)
R2 = (Output V - D1 voltage) x 1k Ohm
R3 = D1 voltage x 1k Ohm.
The power transistor is a PNP, should be suitably selected which can handle the required high voltage, high current in order to regulate and convert the input source to desired levels.
You can also try replacing the power transistor with a P-channel MOSFET for even higher power output.
The maximum output voltage should not be set above 20 volts if a 741 IC is used. With 1/4 IC 324, the maximum output voltage can be exceeded up to 30 volts.
On your diagram shown T1 as PNP transistor. OK. BC161.16 is really PNP. But BD241A is NPN. What is going on ?
Check it now.
Interesting article. I found it when searching for low voltage high current regulator. Planing on using high quality PC power supply (seasonic) to make LiFePo4 cell charger. (3.65v 100 A) Any ideas how to go about that? In my past I played with LM317 and 2N3055 transistors but that might not work.
Thank you,
Dalibor
Thank you, and glad you found the post useful….however the main question is that from where would you get the 100 Amp source? I will surely try to solve your query, once I know the source of the 100 amp current
Thanks,
PC Power Supply. 12 Volt rail. They are capable delivering large amounts of power, quality ones at least. Think of SeaSonic PC power suppply.
OK, in that case, you can try replacing the transistor T1 with 4 P-channel MOSFETs in parallel. The mosfet can be any 50 amp or 75 amp p chanell mosfet such as this:
https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/mtb50p03hdl-d.pdf
Thanks Sir
Really i appreciate your help to build this type of circuit thanks sir
You are welcome Nishikant!
Namaste Sir
Thanks for your valuable circuit & comments..can i make it variable dc power supply
Please Suggest
N K Pattnaik
Thank you Nishikant, you can make it variable by replacing R3 with a potentiometer
Hello. Interesting article. Is there a circuit that can boost voltage from 0.5-1volt to at least 65-70 volts, while allowing high current to pass through?
Hello, you can try the joule thief concept, and modify for getting the desired output voltages:
3 Best Joule Thief Circuits
Thank you for the recommendation.
I have use for a ~50v@~35A regulated DC power supply and I found two potential candidates in a 48vdc and a 70vdc power supply, but both are unregulated, but do have output filtering caps. Disregarding the tolerance of the device I’m trying to power, would it be better to use the 48v power supply and build a regulating circuit that regulates the output to ~46vDC? Or get the 70v power supply, and regulate it down to ~50vDC? And what would the advantage or disadvantage be of each, especially the higher voltage being regulated down 20vDC; is there a lot of heat generated when your regulated voltage is ~30% lower than the input voltage?
If a buck converter circuit is used then the 70V option will be great, as the buck converter will convert the excess voltage into a proportionate amount of current. If a linear regulator is used then the 48V option would work better, due to the decreased input output differential and lower dissipation
Great, thanks for the advice!
Oke .. I will try .!
Konfirm .. I have tried to looking for these parts in my city today .. but its not easy to get it .. I’ ve got these ..
D1 = 12 volt/0,5w
R1 = 2,7 k
R2 = R3 = 14 k
C1 = 10 uf/35 v
IC = 741 N
T1 = BC 161 /10
.. Will you correct it ..
It is correct, just make sure to connect 2nos 1N4148 in series with base of T1, to prevent leakage voltage from the op amp.
cathodes will go to op amp side, anodes will go to base side.
pin6 ———-|<—–|<——-T1 base
Nice learn your invention .. I am an amateur in electronical .. Keep share .. Very much ,thank you !!
Thank you!
.. I need to know about part of this circuit .. If I take Z2 =12 Volt ,so Rc = 12 k.ohm
Rb =Rc .. = 12 k.ohm
Ra = 2,4 k.ohm ..
Is it right ..?
I have changed the schematic with a new one, since the previous schematic was not correct, please check it now, and do the calculations accordingly….
Oke .. What the one you mean ?? .. I need to know your update schematic exactly ..
Please check the article, the diagram is updated.
Hi Swagatam,
I am building an inverter, but need to lower the 127 rectified DC voltage to arround 100V that will enter a coil for wireless power transmission, with a power of arround 2000W. Does a regulator circuit is enough to handle that much power?
Hi Kevin , yes it is possible to use linear regulator for the mentioned purpose, however the pass transistor will need to be significantly upgraded to handle this massive power.
Do you think a IXFB110N60P3 would be enough? It says that @25°C can handle 1890. We are looking to not be heavy dependant on heat sinks in out design. Also, does all the components on the voltage regultaro circuit need to have the same power rating (2kW)?
Yes it looks good to me, may be 3 of these in parallel will allow relatively smaller heatsink.
Only the pass transistor needs to be rated at the load level, and also other elements that may be in series with this line, for example a diode, ….rest of the supporting parts can be normally rated.
Dear Mr.Swagatam I have a stereo power amp 400 watts 100-volt power supply, one channel is already burned, I want to replace it with a 300-watt board but it’s working voltage only 60 volt maximum, how to reduce the supply. Thank you
Dear Mamad,
the ideal option would be to use single 60V power supply and feed both the channels, or modify the existing 100V power supply to produce 60V.
Reducing would requires a buck converter circuit
Good evening Mr. Swagatam, I found your site searching for plans to build a HV Power Supply. I need a HV Power supply to use to kill rats in my garden. I have seen YouTube videos using stun guns (didn’t work) also using a 24V battery connected to a capacitor. The videos fail to list details or safety precautions. I have built an enclosure with aluminum strip electrodes, just need a HV power source. I just subscribed to your site a d would greatly appreciate any help you can provide.
Thankyou,
Greg Grimsley
Hi Greg, the easiest way to get a lethal AC with a short circuit protection is to plug-in two wires into the mains socket with individual 1uF/400 capacitor connected in series with each of the wires. This will be enough to electrocute any small animal.
For a 12 V Dc system you can use the following circuit
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/simple-high-voltage-generator-circuit/
But electrocuting any animal is considered to be severe cruelty to animal, and is severely inhuman under any circumstances.
Good afternoon Mr. Swagatam,
Thank you so much for the prompt response. I am a lover of animals and don’t want to torture any animal even rats, however I am having a problems with rats/mice eating my vegetable plants in my garden. I have watched them at night on my surveillance cameras. I have tried everything short of glue traps or poison. I want to get rid of the rats in the most humane way possible. I’ve seen rats suffer in a snap trap in some cases. What I want to do is supply enough voltage across the electrode strips to kill the rat instantaneously. I believe this is more humane than snap traps glue or poison. I hope you can understand.
The circuit you provided: Can you tell me what the final stepped up voltage is? I’m not sure 240 volts is sufficient to kill instantaneously. Also is VR/1 a potentiometer? I have researched commercial versions of electric rat trap that use 7000 volts. (your thoughts please). I am very aware of the dangers of high voltage and will be responsible in using it. I have built a fully enclosed enclosure 1′ x 1″ x 10″ with a small opening in the front to allow only rats or mice. I will enclose the power supply in an aluminum box to keep it weather proof. I saw a YouTube video that used a similar enclosure using a stun gun as the supply voltage. The only problem with that is with a stun gun you have to continuously hold down the switch to deliver the stun voltage.
I’m not sure how the user was able to get it to work, and they aren’t answering my request. I have also seen YouTube videos of the user using a 12 volt battery connected in parallel to a large start capacitor, but not quite sure how that works either.
I have seen a lot of YouTube videos of users simply torturing the rats. As disgusting as rats are and despite the diseases they carry and the fact that I don’t want them in my yard or home, I don’t advocate in their torture. I don’t want to see the rats/mice suffer, I just want them gone in the most humane way possible.
Thank you,
Thank you Mr. Greg, you can try the concept explained in the following article for getting voltages in killovolts:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/make-this-enhanced-capacitive-discharge/
or salvage a circuit from a mosquito bat and pulse it intermittently to save power.
However, I would recommend using a sound distraction method than electrocution. You could install intermittent noise generator which can disturb the rats and keep them away from the area. Rats are very sensitive to sounds and noises, and will flee quickly in response to a sound nearby.
hi bro, i wanted to modify my old motorcycle horn (non battery type vehicle) since it had a classsic ”krrrr….krrrr” sound. i built a specific tone generator circuit using 555 and a mosfet to drive horn( may be diaphragm type). i also built a bridge using 3A diode for getting dc (2A/20v max) to my circuit from bike.Now everything is good but mosfet irf 840 (8A/500v) is getting excessively hot(without heatsink) and also same with 2n3055.
can u tell me how to how to prevent the mosfet from getting excessively hot? also which one u prefer for driving, mosfet or bjt?
bro, the heating cannot be prevented, and you will have attach to a heatsink to control it…for mosfet try IRF540, it will work better than IRF 840
Hi,
I have 18V 4A DC supply. Can I use this supply instead of transformer?
Hi, yes you can use it instead of a transformer based power supply
Hello sir help me I m 48 volt DC convert to 18 volt DC and 1am
use IC 7818
I might be missing something, but after searching the internet for how a p-channel mosfet works I can't see how this circuit could work except when the input voltage is very close to the output voltage (like within 1-3 volts). A p-channel mosfet needs gate to to raise up to the source to shut it off and this design holds it too low to ever stop it from conducting. The op-amp is driven from a much lower source voltage than the mosfet source so it can't shut it off – this design will just uncontrollably leak power from the input to the output. Also the Source/drain assignment compared to the chip drawing is backwards for a P-channel mosfet. Has anyone got this to work?
yes, it's rather a silly mistake in the diagram…the mosfet S/D needs to be reversed, with its source connected with the input supply.
I have discussed the concept elaborately in the following post, you can refer to it for an in-depth study:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/08/simple-zero-drop-solar-charger-circuit.html
I was looking for a motorbike regulator design and came across this. Has anyone got this circuit to work because I can't see how the op-amp can drive the mosfet gate voltage high enough to the source to turn it off so it would just seem to constantly conduct/pass. A p-channel enhanced mode mosfet typically has a source gate threshold of a 2-4 volts so if the op-amp can't drive the gate to nearly the input voltage, it cant shut it off and the op-amp is powered from a much smaller voltage so it can't get there. There needs to be a pull up resistor to pull the gate to the source voltage and the op-amp needs to drag that down which gives circuit start up issues so it'll never start-up.
I might have got this wrong but reading about a p-channel mosfet characteristic's on the internet I can't see how this can work at anything other than when the input voltage is very close to the desired output voltage – otherwise it will runaway and always pass the input voltage out to the output
Hi I would like to build voltage amplifier as well as regulator using lm741. The input would be 50 mv to 50 volt. The input pulses per min would be 1-30000. The output pulse should be regulated 5 volt at all frequencies and voltage inputs. There would be only +12 volt source for powering the op-amp & not the -12v. i.e the pin #4 will be grounded. the output from pin#6 would go to the micro-controller as it requires 5 volt. Plz if you could build the schematics for me.
you can try the first circuit as given in the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/how-to-build-electronic-spy-bug-circuit.html
replace the MIC points with the input frequency and replace C2 with a 7805 IC.
Tx for the reply., but the issue is the battery bank is only of 12V not 48v. The input would be from 25 to 35v but the battery bank is only 12v. Hope to get a viable one.
OK, then you can try the second circuit from this link:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2011/12/how-to-make-simple-low-battery-voltage.html
…sorry the above link won't be suitable….you will need a BUCK converter circuit for this.
Please Google "buck converter circuit" you find plenty of them, use the one suits your application the most
Sir,
I need a good and stable ckt which can take input of 42V @ 20amps to charge a battery bank of 12V 400ah. Plz help me in this regards,
Kumar
kadimi You can try the following circuit:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2014/04/48v-solar-battery-charger-circuit-with.html