Another versatile device, the IC 4060 has numerous applications and can be used for implementing various useful functions in an electronic circuit.
Introduction
Basically the IC 4060 is a oscillator/Timer IC and can be used for producing discretely variable accurate time intervals or delays or alternatively it may also be used as an oscillator for acquiring high grade, accurate time period oscillations of frequencies.
The best thing about this chip is that it has an in-built oscillator module which requires just a few external components for initiating the oscillations.
Thus the IC is not dependant on any external clock input.
Parts List
R1 = 2M2
P1 = 1M pot
R2 = 100K
C1 = 1uF/25V
Understanding Pinout Functions of IC 4060
Let’s try to understand the pin outs of the IC 4060 in simple terms:
Referring to the figure we see that the only input pinouts which are required to be configured with external parts are pin # 9, 10, 11, and 12, all the remaining pinouts are the output pins of the IC, except pin#16 and pin#8 which are obviously the Vcc and the Vss supply pinouts.
The outputs are assigned for producing the ON/OFF time delays, or the clock signals, or the oscillations or the frequency at different levels depending on the values of the resistor and capacitor on pin#9/10 of the IC..
Pin #7 generates the highest value of frequency, while pin #3 produces the least.
For example, suppose the resistor/capacitor values at pin#9/10 causes pin # 7 to generate a frequency of 1MHz, then pin #5 would generate a frequency of 500 Khz, pin # 4 would generate 250 Khz, pin #6 would generate 125KHz, pin #14 would generate 62.5 KHz and so on.
As you may notice the frequency goes on becoming half in proportion, and this happens with the pinout order of 7,5,4,6,14,13,15,1,2,3, wherein pin#7 produces the highest frequency, while pin#3 the minimum.
As mentioned earlier, the above frequency or oscillations can be initiated or setup by connecting a few passive components at pin #9, 10 and 11 of the IC as shown in the figure, it’s that simple.
The variable resistor is used to vary the frequency to any desired level, the capacitor value may also be altered for changing the frequency of the IC.
Pin #12 is the reset input and should always be grounded or connected to the negative supply.
A positive supply pulse to this input will reset the oscillations or revert the IC so that it begins counting or oscillating from the beginning.
Pin #16 is the positive of the IC and pin #8 is the negative supply input of the IC.
How to Reset the IC 4060
Enabling an auto resetting of a timer IC such as IC 4060 becomes crucial in order to initiate the IC clock, and counting process from zero.
If an auto reset facility is not included, the IC could exhibit a random or a haphazard initialization of its counting process, which may not be from the zero or start, rather from any intermediate level.
Therefore to ensure an automatic resetting for the IC, we must include an RC network with the reset pinout ofthe IC as explained below:
Instead of connecting the pin#12 directly to ground line, connect it through a high value resistor such as a 100K.
Then attach a small value capacitor from positive to pin#12, the value could be anywhere from 0.33uF to 1uF.
That's it, now your IC 4060 timer circuit is enabled with an auto reset feature, and will always initiate with a stable start, from zero.
Enabling a Manual Reset Action
To achieve a manual resetting facility in any IC 4060 circuit, you can simply replace the capacitor with a push button, as shown above.
Pressing this button anytime during the counting process of the IC, will quickly reset the IC to zero, so that the counting can start afresh from zero.
Calculating the Timing RC Component Values
The image below shows the magnified section of the IC containing the oscillator pin#9, 10, 11. The Rt and Ct are the main timing components which are actually responsible for determining the various delay intervals or frequencies across the IC outputs.
The standard formula for calculating the Rt and Ct values is:
f(osc) = 1 / 2.3 x Rt x Ct
2.3 is a constant as per the ICs internal configuration.
The oscillator will essentially work normally only when the selected values satisfy the condition:
Rt << R2 and R2 x C2 << Rt x Ct.
R2 is positioned to reduce the frequency effect of the forward voltage over the input protection diodes.
C2 depicts the stray capacitance and is supposed to be minimal for enabling greater accuracy of the output time intervals.
For this, Ct must be relatively larger than C2, the larger the better.
Rt must be also a rather large value to negate the internal LOCMOS resistance, which appears in series with Rt internally.
Its typically value is around is 500 Ω at VDD = 5 V, 300 Ω at VDD = 10 V and 200 Ω at VDD = 15 V.
In order ensure a proper oscillatory action the most recommended values of the above mentioned timing parts must be configured as per the following conditions:
Ct ≥ 100 pF, up to any workable value,
10 kΩ ≤ Rt ≤ 1 MΩ.
Using IC 4060 with Crystal Oscillator
Although the IC 4060 itself is fairly accurate with its frequency of oscillation and delay periods, this can be further enhanced using an externally crystal device with the IC.
A crystal based oscillator will enable locking of the frequency to the predetermined value, and prevent any form drifting from the intended value.
The following diagram shows how to connect a crystal device with the IC 4060 for achieving a constant and accurate frequency output:
As we can see in the above figure, only the pin11 and pin10 are used for the integrating the crystal with the IC. R2 is used for initiating the crystal oscillations by supplying the required voltage pulses to the crystal.
C3 and C2 enable the crystal to reach its rated resonance frequency. C3 can be tweaked to change this resonance value of the crystal slightly, and therefore the output frequency of the IC 4060 accordingly.
Hi Swag, after your opinion on the schematic i have changed the 33pf with an ajustable,the output frequency is 5,5hz instead of 1953khz(on pin 1 for 8mhz quartz)!can it be the IC or maybe a component?Thank you!
Hi mathieu, please try adjusting the trimmer and check on pin #7 of the IC.
Hello Swag so on pin 10 15pf and on pin 11? Between pins 10 11,do i put a 1mhom resistor or 100k resistor?
thank you
Hello mathieu, you can use 1M for Rbias, 15pF for C2, and 33pF trimmer for C3
can i use crystal above 10Mhz, what will be happen if i will use 32Mhz crytal what will be effect on out put frequency,
Thanks for this great article, you said for 1hr, i should pick pin#3, for 3 hrs and 6hrs, please sir what can I do.
Pin3 has the maximum delay range compared to the other output pins of the IC, therefore I always recommend pin3 as the output for any 4060 based timer circuit, so that maximum delay can be achieved using relatively smaller capacitors. For 3 and 6 hours also you can use pin3 but with higher C1 value.
Nice stuff.
Hi Swag! yes the divisions are from pin 1 to 7 and pin 13 to pin 15!
the problem is that i have irregular frequency on pin 5,6 and 7!
Hi Mathieu, do you mean they are not rectangular in shape? what is the supply voltage you have used for the IC? Please try 12V or 15V and check the response!
Hi Swag, can you tell me why i have frequency output on pin 1 to 4 of my cd4060 with a 8MHZ crystal oscillator and irregular frequency on the other pins? i have tried with the 10µf on pin 16 to ground 8! no differences! my voltage regulator is a 7809!
Thank you
Hi Mathieu,
please read the IC description in the above article, you will come to know that except pin9,10,11,16,12,8…all the other pins are outputs and have incremental frequency rates, with pin#7 having the highest frequency and pin#3 the lowest.
Hi Swag! why when a touch the voltage regulator and the positive intput of the CD 4060 its value varie in output? ex: Q5 output for (221KHZ without contact)and (250 KHZ with contact on reg 9vdc)
thank you!
Hi Mathieu, try adding a 10uF capacitor right across the +/- terminals of the IC and check the response…
Hello Swag,yes but for the output of the cd4060 for 200KHZ what can i put on p11 and p10 like quartz?
thank you
Hello Mathieu, I think it’s better to go as suggested by the datasheet of the IC, I do not have precise idea regarding crystal working, so I would suggest you to follow the same diagram which is explained in the above article.
Hello Swag,for the cd4060 drived by crystal oscillator input what xtal can i put on P11 P10 to obtain 200khz?
Thank you
Hi Mathieu, yo an try a 200 kHz crystal
Thankyou for this clear and informative article. I am buiding a clone of an “Olegtron 4060” , which is a little musical noise maker. This article has made the order of the pinouts a lot easier to follow than the data sheet in my opinion. Thanks again.
I am glad the post helped you with the required information. Wish you all the best!
Please Sir, reply me.
this is Ankush bhosle
I have made anAC detector….if the magnetic field is there then it’s blinking LEd lights,it’s working good,but if I take away from magnetic field then the LEd light is glowing continuously
Hi Ankush it is a bad circuit and unreliable. If you want a reliable an perfect circuit, build the following one:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-make-non-contact-ac-mains-phase/
hi dear friend
i reading this article, its very usefull for me.thank u.
really i want to design an astable multivibrator with adjustable on-off time independently.
my on time variable between 2micro second ~1500 micro
and my off time between 10 micro ~750micro.
if you can please tell me :what is the best and accurate and simple way in your opinion
yours sincerely
mohammad
Hi Mohammad, I think a transistor astable should be able to fulfill your requirement, more info can be found here:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/transistor-astable-multivibrator-amv-calculator
Hey Mohammed, to achieve that, you’ll need to build the 555 ic astable and use two different variable resistors as R1 and R2 to control the mark-to-space ratio or ON and OFF time as you mentioned.
R1 for ON and R2 for OFF
You can find an example design under this post
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/ic-555-oscillator-alarm-and-siren-circuits/#Variable_PWM_Oscillator_Circuits_using_IC_555
dear sir i need a timer for incubator horizontal tray setup so please help me
i want one timer circuit for three hour delay
in my incubator i want to turn the egg every three hour so please help me sir
you can select one of these as per your requirement
https://homemade-circuits.com/?s=incubator
Good morning sir,
Before came across this article I've spent few hrs. of my life and a lot of anxiety,headache,frustration…..
Actually I had made a JHULA for Shree Krishna in the occasion of Happy Janmashtami, last year.Where I have used 4060 and 4017 circuitry for continuing and resting the Jhula. There is a mistake in your ckt. also, where the pin 8 of ic 4060 is not grounded.
This year, when I am checking the 4060 ckt. only, on project board,it's working fine without grounding pin 8 but when soldering on pcb it's not working(it may be for the long thread of project board working as a ground.),I need your explanation.
You are heartily requested to spend a few valuable minutes for me.
And a final request,try to publish a few words for newbies….like,
1)Check the diagram on project board.
2)Pay attention/be careful when soldering on simple pcb.
3)When soldering the ic. base too much attention is needed.
4)After soldering, carefully remove the soldering paste/acid with a small piece of cotton.
4)Not to give hope but to check the circuit and solderings again and again;
Electronics needs 100% accuracy.(as a newbie I learned these in practical way). I think you may add more words as a guide lines.
Thanking you,
K. Kausik
Hello Kaushik, which circuit of mine has the mentioned mistake, can you please show me? pin#8 has to be mandatory connected to ground for 4060 and 4017 ICs…if it's working without connecting that may be temporary and sooner or later it will begin malfunctioning and also damage the IC.
yes checking and troubleshooting without losing patience is the key to success in electronics…but the newbies often don;t understand this and start blaming the circuit itself instead of finding the fault in his construction, or doing some simple tweaks which may be accidentally missed in the original design…
If possible I'll surely post a separate article explaining all those points, thanks for suggesting this.