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200, 600 LED String Circuit on Mains 220V

200, 600 LED String Circuit on Mains 220V

The post details the construction of a 200 to 600 LED project, using series parallel  LEDs for creating an alphabetical display sign board. The idea was requested by Mr. Mubarak Idris.

Circuit Objectives and Requirements

I need a blinking LED light that show"WELCOME TO" blink and then "COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING" base on my rough estimation I'm going to use about 696 LEDs e.g for"WELCOME TO" = 216 LEDS"COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING" 480 LEDS the name welcome and college of engineering is going to flip flop and I'm thinking of connecting them to AC and only use relay to toggle the"welcome to" and "college of engineering" alternately. hope to hear from you sir very soon and thanks in advance.

The Design

I have already discussed one related article where we learned how to calculate connect LEDs in series and parallel, in this post we are going to incorporate the same concept and formulas for estimating the connection details of the proposed 200 to 600 LED project for making the specified display sign board.
Since the LEDs are supposed to be operated from 220V mains, after rectification and filtration this would end up being at a 310V DC level.



Therefore we'll have to configure the LED groups as per the above mentioned DC level.To do this we'll first have to evaluate the total forward drop of the LED series that would fit comfortably within the 310 V limit.
Let's assume the LEDs are rated at 20mA / 3.3V, if we divide the 3.3v value with 310V, we get:
310/3.3 = 93nos.

It implies that 93 LEDs can be connected in series with the 310 input comfortably for getting an optimal illumination, however considering a possible low voltage situation and to ensure that the LEDs continue to glow even at low voltages we can go for 50% less LEDs in series, that is may be around 46 LEDs.

As per the request the welcome sign needs to have  216 LEDs, dividing this 216 with 46 gives us approximately 5 strings, in which 4 strings having around 46 LEDs in series, while the 5th could have 32 LEDs.

Therefore now we have 4 strings of 46 series LEDs and 1 string having 32 LEDs, all these strings now needs to be connected in parallel.

But as we know, in order to allow proper current distribution across the strings and allow uniform illumination, these LED strings need to have calculated resistors in series with them.

Calculating LED Current Limiter Resistor

This can be calculated with the help of the following formula:

R = Supply - Total LED FWD voltage / LED Current

= 310 - (46 x 3.3) / 0.02

here 310 is the DC supply voltage after rectification of the 220V AC supply, 46 is the total number of LEDs, 3.3 is the forward operating voltage of each LED, 0.02 is the current in amps for each LED (20mA), and 4 is number of strings.

Solving the above gives us: 7910 ohms or 7.9K, or simply a standard will 8k2 resistor will do.

wattage will be = 310 - (46 x 3.3) x 0.02 = 3.164 watts or simply a standard 5 watts resistor will do the job

the above 8k2 5 watt resistor will need to be connected with each of the strings having 46 LEDs

Now for the single 32 LEDs, we may have to follow the above procedures separately, as shown below:

R = 310 - (32 x 3.3) / 0.02 = 10220 ohms or 10.2 k or simply a standard 10K will do the job

wattage will be 310 - (32 x 3.3) x 0.02 = 4.088 or again a 5 watts will do.

Circuit Diagram

Through the above formulas we calculated the series parallel connections with resistor for configuring a 216 LED display, however, the above strings will now need to be arranged appropriately in the shape of the alphabets, corresponding to the word "WELCOME". This might require some effort and could be a little time consuming, and might require some patience and skill.

For the second group of LEDs consisting of 696 LEDs, the process will be quite similar. We first divide the 696 with 46 which gives us around 15.13, meaning 14 strings can be configured with a series of 46 LeDs and one string having 52 LEDs...all these strings will likewise need to be connected in parallel and physically arranged to represent the phrase " COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING".

 

The resistor values for the 46 LED strings can be as calculated in the above sections, while for the 52 LED, it may done as given below:

R = 310 - (52 x 3.3) / 0.02 = 6920 ohms or simply a 6k9 standard resistor may be used.

wattage will be = R = 310 - (52 x 3.3) x 0.02 = 2.76 watts or 3 watts

The above explanation provides us the information regarding how to build any 200 to 400 LED based project for boards or display sign boards using mains voltage without the need of a transformer.

Now, to enable the two sets of LED groups flash alternately using a relay, the following simple IC 555 flasher could be used:

The LED Flasher Circuit

R1, R2, and C can be suitably adjusted for getting the desired blinking rate over the connected 200 to 400 LED strings. The relay does not need to be a 15amp as indicated in the diagram it could be any ordinary 12v 400 ohm 5 amp type of relay

SHARING IS CARING!


About the Author

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials. If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!



29 thoughts on “200, 600 LED String Circuit on Mains 220V”

  1. Howdy, Friend! Interested to Learn Circuit Designing? Let's Start Discussing below!

  2. Hi. I would like to design one led tree with 200, 5mm leds. I can design series & parallels connection.one string having 10 led connected in series & 20 string connected in parallel. Plz help me with a circuit of transformaless power supply for my project. Thank you. I am waiting for you.

    • Hi, 10 LEDs in series means the total forward voltage required will be around 3.3 x 10 = 33V, and current will be 0.02 x 20 = 400mA
      You can buy a 0-24V, 500mA transformer, or a 12-0-12V transformer, and use its outer terminals to connect with a bridge rectifier, and a 1000uF/50V filter capacitor.
      Make sure to put a series resistor with each of the 10 LED strings.
      The value of the resistors will be 34 – 33 / 0.02 = 50 ohms 1/4 watt each
      34 is the peak voltage for a 24V transformer, acquired by multiplying 1.41 x 24.

  4. Hi Swagatam
    I want to ask a general question . I found a led driver circuit which produced in China, and the 8 pin IC driver has no any code on it. How can we estimate this ic. This circuit works with directly 220 V. I found some ic led drivers but I am not sure which one. Thanks for your advance.

    • Hi Mehmet, identifying the exact equivalent of the IC can be difficult, but if you could tell me the rating and the specifications of the circuit, then I can try to produce a mosfet based equivalent.

  6. Hi swagatam. I’m Okey Onah, I really appreciate your efforts to carry us along. Please, i have a project at hand with a rectangular soft board of about 6×2 feet to design a ” WELCOME TO ENERGY CENTER ” display with a total of 620 5mm LEDs which will be mounted at the entrance of the Organization. Through your calculations here, I can design the display board with series and parallels connection, but my major challenge is to design the power supply which will feed the display perfectly without a transformer because the project is too large for transformer to power. Pls help me with a circuit of transformerless power supply suitable for this project. Thank you so kindly in advance, I am waiting to hearing from you soon.

    • Hi Okey,

      the above explained does not require any power supply for the LED strings. The power is taken directly from the 220V mains and then rectified using a bridge rectifier to get the required 310V DC for the LEDs.

      Only the IC 555 circuit would required a 12V DC, which could be acquired from a small 12V, 500mA SMPS or from a transformer based power supply

  8. Dear Sir,

    I would like to design one led symbol with 200 led with flashing effect .. can you please guide me the best circuit for my requirement ..

    thank you sir.

  10. Sir,
    I have a 12v 40A smps supply.what can i do with it at the output (so as to not open the box) to get 5v 40A i.e same current rating.
    Plz rply asap.

  16. thank u sir, am very grateful. pls another question is that, what can i use to replace LM338 regulator. i saw one of ur post dat u use LM338, i think it can handle upto 50AH battery but dat regulator is so scarce in my area, pls what can i use to replace it in dat same circuit.

  18. gud evening sir, pls i want u to help me wit d circuit diagram of an automatic battery charger using relay, dat can handle 2 or more 12v 7.5AH connected in parallel. pls help me sir.

  20. thanx for the circuit sir, but in dat circuit the last letter E that connected wit d Anode of SCR, the Cathode is not connected to anything.

    • It seems the connection is slightly wiped off, but it is supposed to be connected with the ground line, all the cathodes are connected with the ground line.

  22. gud day sir, pls kindly give me the circuit diagram of LED that will be display W E L C O M E alphabet by alphabet and also blink all the letters at once 3times. tnx

  28. hi sir i am an aerospace engineer who truley loves your commitment and passion towards exceptional work in helping others.

    sir i would appreciate if u can guide me in selecting a surge protected led driver circuit transformerless for 100 watts – 32 volts or 50 watts – 12 volts, as i recently had a burnt led of 50 watts

    thank you for your amazing work have been following you for quiet some time now

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