In this post we are going to learn about a few easy to build, compact 1 watt LED bulb circuits. The first circuit is SMPS based, the second design uses a capacitive power supply, while the remaining concepts show how to used a DC source to illuminate a 1 watt LED.
Warning: Many of the circuits explained below are not isolated from mains AC, and therefore are extremely dangerous to touch in the powered and open condition. You should be extremely careful while building and testing these circuits, and make sure to take the necessary safety precautions. The author cannot be held responsible for any mishap due to any negligence by the user
Contents
1) Small 1 watt SMPS LED Driver
In the first design which is the most recommended one, we study an SMPS LED driver circuit which can be used for driving high watt LEDs rated anywhere between 1 watt LED upto 12 watts. It can be directly driven from any domestic 220V AC or 120V AC mains outlets.
Introduction
The first design explains a small non isolated SMPS buck converter design (non-isolated Point of Loads), which is very accurate, safe and easy to build circuit. Let's learn the details.
You may also want to learn How to Design LED Driver Circuits
Main Features
The proposed smps LED driver circuit is extremely versatile and specifically suited for driving high watt LEDs.
However being a non-isolated topology does not provide safety from electric shocks at the LED side of the circuit.
Apart from the above drawback, the circuit is flawless and is virtually protected from all possible mains surge related dangers.
Although a non-isolated configuration may look a bit undesirable, it relieves the constructor from winding complex primary/secondary sections on E-cores, since the transformer here is replaced with a couple of simple ferrite drum type of chokes.
The main component here responsible for the execution of all the features is the IC VIPer22A from ST microelectronics, which has been specifically designed for such small transformerless compact 1 watt LED driver applications.
Circuit Diagram
Image Courtesy: © STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved
Circuit Operation
The circuit functioning of this 1 watt to 12 watt LED driver can be understood as given under:
The input mains 220V or 120V AC is half wave rectified by D1 and C1.
C1 along with the inductor L0 and C2 constitute a pie filter network for cancelling EMI disturbances.
D1 should be preferably replaced with two diodes in series for sustaining the 2kv spikes bursts generated by C1 and C2.
R10 ensures some level of surge protection and acts like a fuse during catastrophic situations.
As can be seen in the above circuit diagram, the voltage across C2 is applied to the internal mosfet drain of the IC at pin5 to pin8.
An inbuilt constant current source of the VIPer IC delivers a 1mA current to pin4 of the IC which is also the Vdd pin of the IC.
At about 14.5V at Vdd, the current sources gets switched OFF and forces the IC circuitry into an oscillatory mode or initiates pulsing of the IC.
The components Dz, C4 and D8 become the circuit regulation network, where D8 charges C4 to the peak voltage in the freewheeling period and when D5 is forward biased.
During the above actions, the source or the reference of the IC is set to about 1V below ground.
For a comprehensive info about the circuit details of the 1 watt to 12 watt LED driver, please go through the following pdf datasheet by ST microelectronics.
2) Using Transformerless Capacitive Power Supply
The next 1 watt LED driver explained below shows how to build a few simple 220 V or 110 V operated 1 watt LED driver circuit,that would cost you not more 1/2 a dollar, excluding the LED of course.
I have already discussed capacitive type of power supply in a couple posts, like in LED tube light circuit and in a transformerless power supply circuit, the present circuit also utilizes the same concept for driving the proposed 1 watt LED.
Circuit Operation
In the circuit diagram we see a very simple capacitive power supply circuit for driving a 1 watt LED, which may be understood with the following points.
The 1uF/400V capacitor at the input forms the heart of the circuit and functions as the main current limiter component of the circuit. The current limiting function makes sure that the voltage applied to the LED never exceeds the required safe level.
However high voltage capacitors have one serious issue, these do not restrict or are not able to inhibit the initial switch ON mains power in rush, which can be fatal for any electronic circuit LEDs are no exceptions.
Adding a 56 Ohm resistor at the input helps to introduce some damage control measures, but still it alone cannot do the complete safeguarding of the involved electronics.
An MOV would certainly do, also what about a thermistor? Yep, a thermistor would also be a welcome proposition.
But these are relatively at the costlier side and we are discussing a cheap version for the proposed design, so we would want to exclude anything that would cross a dollar mark as far as the total cost goes.
So I thought of an innovative way of replacing an MOV with an ordinary, cheap alternative.
What is the function of an MOV
It's to sink the initial burst of high voltage/current to ground such that it is ground before reaching the LED in this case.
Wouldn't a high voltage capacitor do the same function if connected across the LED itself. Yes it would surely operate the same way as an MOV.
The figure shows the insertion of another high voltage capacitor directly across the LED, which sucks the instantaneous influx of voltage surge during power switch ON, it does this while charging up and thus sinks almost the entire initial voltage in rush making all the doubts associated with a capacitive type of power supply distinctly clear.
The end result as shown in the figure is a clean, safe, simple and a low cost 1 watt LED driver circuit, which can be built right at home by any eletronic hobbyist and used for personal pleasures and utility.
CAUTION: THE CIRCUIT SHOWN BELOW IS NOT ISOLATED FROM THE AC MAINS, THEREFORE IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TO TOUCH IN POWERED POSITION.
Circuit Diagram
NOTE: The LED in the above diagram is a 12V 1 watt as shown below:
In the above shown simple 1 watt led driver circuit, the two 4.7uF/250 capacitors along with the 10 ohm resistors form a kind of "speed breaker" in the circuit, this approach helps to arrest the initial switch ON surge inrush which in turn helps to safeguard the LED from getting damaged.
This feature can be replaced with an NTC which are popular for their surge suppressing features.
This enhanced way of tackling the initial surge inrush problem could be by connecting an NTC thermistor in series with the circuit or the load.
Please check out the following link for knowing how to incorporate an NTC thermister in the proposed 1 watt LED driver circuit
The above circuit can be modified in the following manner, however the light may be a little compromised.
A good way of tackling the initial surge inrush problem is by connecting an NTC thermistor in series with the circuit or the load.
Please check out the following link for knowing how to incorporate an NTC thermister in the proposed 1 watt LED driver circuit
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/02/using-ntc-resistor-as-surge-suppressor.html
3) A Stabilized 1 watt LED Driver using Capacitive Power Supply
As can be seen, 6nos of 1N4007 diodes are used across the output, in their forward biased mode. Since each diode would produce a drop of 0.6V across itself, 6 diodes would create a total drop of 3.6V, which is just the right amount of voltage for the LED.
This also means that the diodes would shunt the rest of the power from the source tp ground, and thus keep the supply for the LED perfectly stabilized and safe.
Another Stabilized 1 watt Capacitive Driver Circuit
The following MOSFET controlled design is probably the best universal LED driver circuit that guarantees a 100% protection for the LED from all types of hazardous situations, such as sudden over voltage and over current or surge current.
A 1 watt LED connected with the above circuit would be able to produce around 60 Lumens of light intensity, equivalent to a 5 watt incandescent lamp.
Prototype Images
The above circuit can be modified in the following manner, however the light may be a little compromised.
4) 1 Watt LED Driver Circuit Using a 6V Battery
As can be seen in the fourth diagram, the concept hardly utilizes any circuit or rather does not incorporate any hi-end active component for the required implementation of driving a 1 watt LED.
The only active devices that's been employed in the proposed simplest 1 watt LED driver circuit are a few diodes and a mechanical switch.
The initial 6 volts from a charged battery is dropped to the required 3.5 volts limit by keeping all the diodes in series or in the path of the LED supply voltage.
Since each diode drops 0.6 volts across it, all four together allow only 3.5 volts to reach the LED, lighting it safely, yet brightly.
As the illumination of the LED drops, each diode is bypassed subsequently using the switch, to restore the brightness of the LED.
The use of the diodes for dropping the voltage level across the LEDs makes sure that the procedure does not dissipate any heat and therefore becomes very efficient in comparison to a resistor, which would have otherwise dissipated a lot of heat in the process.
5) Illuminate 1 Watt LED with a 1.5V AAA Cell
In the 5th design let's learn how to illuminate a 1 watt LED using a 1.5 AAA cell for a reasonable amount of time.The circuit is obviously based on boost driver technology, other wise driving such a huge load w such minimal source is beyond imagination.
A 1 watt LED is relatively huge when compared to a 1.5 V AAA cell source.
A 1 watt LED needs minimum 3 volts supply which is double the above cell rating.
Secondly a 1 watt LED would require anywhere between 20 to 350 mA of current for operating, 100 mA being a respectable current for driving these light machines.
Therefore using a AAA penlight cell for the above operation looks very remote and out of question.
However the discussed circuit here proves all of us wrong and successfully drives a 1 watt LED without much complications.
THANKS TO ZETEX, for providing us with this wonderful little IC ZXSC310, which requires just a few ordinary passive components for making this feat possible.
Circuit Operation
The diagram shows a rather simple configuration, which is basically a boost converter set up.
The input DC of 1.5 volts is processed by the IC to generate a high frequency output.
The frequency is switched by the transistor and the schottky diode via the inductor.
The rapid switching of the inductor provides the required boost in the voltage which becomes just appropriate for driving the connected 1 watt LED.
Here, during the completion of each frequency, the equivalent stored energy inside the inductor is pumped back into the LED generating the required voltage boost, which keeps the LED illuminated for long hours even with a source that's as small as a 1.5 volt cell.
Prototype image
1 Watt Solar LED Driver
This is school exhibition project which can be used by children to show how solar energy can be used for illuminating a 1 watt LED.
The idea was requested by Mr. Ganesh, as given below:
Hi Swagatam, I have come across your site and find your work very inspiring. I am currently working on a Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) program for year 4-5 students in Australia. The project focuses on increasing children’s curiosity about science and how it connects to real-world applications.
The program also introduces empathy in the engineering design process where young learners are introduced to a real project (context) and engages with their fellow school peers to solve a worldly problem. For the next three years, our focus is on introducing children to the science behind electricity and the real-world application of electrical engineering. An introduction to how engineers solve real-world problems for the greater good of society.
I am currently working on online content for the program, which will focus on young learners(Grade 4-6) learning the basics of electricity, in particular, renewable energy, i.e. solar in this instance. Through a self-directed learning program, children learn and explore about electricity and energy, as they are introduced to a real-world project, i.e. providing lighting to children sheltered in the refugee camps around the world. On completion of a five-week program, children are grouped in teams to construct solar lights, which are then sent to the disadvantaged children around the world.As a not 4 profit educational foundation we are seeking your assistance to layout a simple circuit diagram, which could be used for the construction of a 1 watt solar light as practical activity in class. We have also procured 800 solar light kits from a manufacturer, which the children will assemble, however, we need someone to simplify the circuit diagram of these light kits, which will be used for simple lessons on electricity, circuits, and calculation of power, volts, current and conversion of solar energy to electrical energy.
I look forward to hearing from you and keep on with your inspiring work.
The Circuit Design
Whenever a simple yet safe solar controller is required we inevitably go for the ubiquitous IC LM317. Here too, we use the same inexpensive device for implementing the proposed 1 watt LED lamp using a solar panel.
The complete circuit design can be seen below:
A quick inspection reveals that if a current control is present, voltage regulation can be ignored. Here's a simplified version for the above concept, using only a current limiter circuit.
Dr.Chris Halgryn says
Sir,
Thank you for the last assistance all so very well now BUT!!! I need to build starting today a 150 1watt NOT 5mm Leds but 1 watt leds for my garage bench top light this is for above my head at my workbench in the garage what circuit are you able to provide me and as usual, I will wait for your reply and again. thank you inhadvance.
Dr.Chris.
Swagatam says
Hello Dr. Chris, no problem! I can help you to build it, but before that please let me know what type of power supply do you intend to use.
I would recommend either an SMPS power supply or transformer based power supply.
Please let me know your opinion on this.
Raj Hundia says
HI,
I need to power a 16Watt 3 in 1 LED Light. It has about 180 LED connected in series. The 3 in 1 is basically means warm, bright and combination of warm bright light. Each LED uses approx. about 3V DC
I require a circuit wherein:
a. I can power the LED in three different option when I press a switch
b. Using PWM to control the dimming (brightness) of the LED.
I want to build this circuit and understand the working of constant current and how does the PWM affects the circuit. Am not looking at an off the shelf driver.
Kindly advise
Thanks
Swagatam says
Hi, 180 LEDs in series at 3V each will require 180 x 3 = 540V DC for operating, which looks impossible to achieve. Are you sure they need to be connected in series?
Stefan says
Hi there! I have read quite some useful information here, thank you for that! I noted that most people use your designs to power up leds. But what if I wanted a power supply for various hobby projects that can operate between 0 to 20 volts with a maximum current of around 300mA. Would you suggest to go for a transformerless power supply? Or is the current demand too high? I read 100mA is about the max but at the same time I am reading about improved designs on your page which seem able to output a lot more.
Swagatam says
Hi, for a universal variable power supply you can build an LM317 based power supply circuit. It can provide a maximum current of 1 amp. Transformerless power supplies can be dangerous since they are not isolated from mains AC.
How to Use LM317 for Making a Variable Power Supply Circuit
Stefan says
I see, thank you for the link. It is Interesting to read how you worked around the lm317 1.5A limit and a switch to choose between half the supply voltage but double the current.
Swagatam says
Glad you liked it…hope it works for you!
Nitesh says
i need 130v@70ma cc with input 230vac +-15% Isolated Or Non-isolated. Pl give design
Swagatam says
CAUTION: CIRCUIT IS NOT ISOLATED FROM MAINS AC….
Nitesh says
thanks for reply.
if possible pl give same for isolated type also with PSR mathode.
Shubhankar Kawale says
Hello Sir,
I need a circuit in which input should be constant i.e110v and wattage should be 1w to 5w changing.
Output voltage 6v to 12v dc efficiency 85% and pf >0.9
Swagatam says
Hello Shubhankar,
you can try the concept explained in the above article, it is almost exactly as per the required specifications. However, the above circuit is not isolated from AC mains, and is limited to max 1 watt
Shubhankar Kawale says
ok sir thankyou so much.
can you just tell me the IC that i can use for multipurpose use of 1w to 5w
Swagatam says
You are welcome Shubahankar, you can try building the circuits explained in the following article and use it for your LED
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-make-simple-12-v-1-amp-switch/
Pradip Kumar Das says
Hello Swagatam.
First of all, thanks a lot for these circuits in this article.
I would like to know if you consider this LED driver built with VIPer22A is more efficient than the one built with TPS92314A as shown in your article https://www.homemade-circuits.com/7-watt-led-driver-smps-circuit/. From the datasheet that you shared for VIPer22A seems that the driver is around 75% efficient where this data is not available in your article for the driver with TPS92314A. Basically, my requirement is to select one driver which should be as power efficient as possible as I am working on energy optimisation in our apartment, and hence I would appreciate if you suggest a best driver for 5 watt (5 number of 1 watt LED connected in series) drawing around 300-350 mA current at 16 volt approximately. Secondly, I realised that IC TPS92314A is not available as spare in online if I am not mistaken.
Please suggest.
Swagatam says
Thank you Pradip, the 7 watt LED driver circuit explained should be more efficient than the VIPer circuit since the design works with a non isolated inductor, and has an external MoSFET buck driver.
However, instead of building these complex SMPS circuits, I would recommend you to purchase any good quality 12 V 2 amp SMPS from the market, and connect 6nos of 1watt LEDs in two rows of 3 series strings. You can put LM317 current limiters in series with each of these strings externally. to ensure a current controlled supply for the LEDs
IC TPS92314A can be purchased from any online store
RAJESH says
sir, This seems to be great. But Sir I am a lay man. I need a driver 0.5 to1 wat for a 3.5 volt 5 mm ,or 8 mm LED , to be hung on photos etc. I need `50 drivers. if u know any one pl mail me. I am doing this as a hobby,
Swagatam says
Hello Rajesh, you can use the following concept for your requirement
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/simple-220v-smps-buck-converter-circuit/
Please note that the circuit is not isolated and is dangerous to touch in open and powered condition
jayanath says
dear sir, do you have any circuit for 2 or 3 nos 1 watt leds alternate fading on and off. request instructions. thank you.
Swagatam says
Jayanath, you can try this
R1, R4 = 680 Ω
R2, R3 = 18K
C1 = 100 μF
C2 = 100 μF
T1, T2 = BC547
For fading effect you can optimize the base resistors and capacitor at the base of TIP122
jayanath says
ok sir thanks. again thanks for the early reply.
SHANAVAS says
Hello sir
Every LED TV technicians badly need a testing device called “LED Back Light Checker” which costs around 1000/- in local markets. if you publish a circuit diagram of this device it will be very useful to them.
Swagatam says
Thanks Shanavas, I’ll investigate the concept, and if feasible I’ll create an article on this.
Thiter says
Hello sir,
How can I use 1.0k, 250 MEF capacitor to design a transformerless portable LED light of 12 leds and 230 vac
Swagatam says
Hello Thiter, 250uF cannot be used in a transformerless power supply for LEDs
Rajendra Kumar Rojal says
Thanks again
Rajendra kumar Rojal says
Sir, I could procure Electrolytic capacitor of 450 volt 100 micro farad. whether it will serve the purpose ? Further, 500K resistor is not available instead 560K is available. Please guide.
Swagatam says
Hi Rajendra, they are OK, no problem! You can use them!
Rajendra kumar Rojal says
Thanks
Rajendra kumar Rojal says
please let me know the number of Mosfet as 1 Amp/400 volt is not available.
Swagatam says
You can use IRF740
Charan says
Hi Swagatam, i tried the basic transformerless circuit from u r previous posts and ive used single 1 watt led but resistor started heating up. I am using 474k/400v cap and single led (1 Watt) . since there r many ckts in ur site which uses 1uF cap suggest me a ckt suitable for me….
Swagatam says
Hi Charan, you can remove all the resistors and just use a single 100uF/50V capacitor, but make sure to add a 6V 1 watt zener diode after the bridge rectifier, and yes you can use a 1uF/400V instead of 474 for greater brightness.
for full brightness you can incorporate the following concept, but again make sure to replace the zener diode with a 6V zener
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2016/07/scr-shunt-for-protecting-capacitive-led.html
Rajagilse says
Sir, could I put NTC in place of so many diodes in the under mentioned circuit, then will it become surge proof ? could I put about 15 no. of 1 watt LED for that ? Is there any alteration needed ?
2.bp.blogspot.com/-nKF8T8lKIxY/UMg7YDLNQ3I/AAAAAAAAB8U/S1OWTK0cMD4/s1600/Surge%20free%20transformerless%201%20watt%20LED%20driver%20circuit.png
Swagatam says
Raja, yes that's possible but NTC will need to be placed in series with the supply, not at the points where diodes are connected.
it will prevent surge but it will not stabilize the voltage, and it is recommended only for initial switch ON current control not for round the clock control
15 no LED can be used, but should be in series
Rajagilse says
Sir, what alterations should I do if put 5 watt single led in place of 1 watt?
Swagatam says
Raja, 5 watt cannot be used in the above circuit, you can try the following circuit instead
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2016/07/scr-shunt-for-protecting-capacitive-led.html
Aabhishek Sharma says
Should I might also consider checking diodes before restarting the circuit after repair.
Swagatam says
Yes, make sure all the parts along with the 1N4007 diodes are original, and of good quality.
use a 12V / 1 watt zener across the output +/- lines, this will prevent the capacitor from getting damaged.
remember this circuit is for 1 watt LED, NOT for 20mA LED, if you want to use 20mA LED then replace the 105/400V capacitor with a 0.22uF/400V capacitor.
please don't do anything without understanding
Aabhishek Sharma says
Hi sir, I made circuit and actually was working perfectly but after 2 minutes the third capacitor 100uf 63v got burst, I was using only one red colour led (normal) everything else is same.
Aabhishek Sharma says
hello swagatam sir,
in the first circuit ,instead of 4.7uf,250v can i use 10 uf,250v.
If i make first circuit as it is ,then also NTC is necessary?
regards
aabhishek sharma
Swagatam says
Hello Abhishek,
you can use 10uF/250V, however if a single NTC is used then these big capacitors can be eliminated
Pradip Raj Adhikary says
Blog has been removed
Sorry, the blog at homemadecircuitsandschematics.blogspot.com has been removed. This address is not available for new blogs.
Unknown says
Hi Swagatam,
I have been following your blog for quite some time.Its a very good blog and I have made many circuits by following your circuits. I wanted to make led street lights but the frames i have are the old types you know those 40 watts one. So can you tell me how to make them like the circuit and what type of led's can be used to have bright white light.
Swagatam says
Hi, thanks, the power will depend on your choice and the source of power.
the frame or the fixture can be only used as the base, the wiring won't be of much use, however you could refer to the following circuit and possibly modify your 40 watt strips accordingly
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2014/06/led-tube-light-circuit-which-will-fit.html
Swagatam says
..without transformerless power supply??? sorry that may not be possible because connecting LEDs directly to mains will blow them up
Jony Hossain says
sir I want to build a circuit without transformerless power supply for eight led 4-4 series and two series are parallel,
but I can't build this circuit. Please help me
Swagatam says
Hi Mr. Fidel you can use the following design, but you will need to skip one pinout of the IC between each sequence, in the diagram the sequence is continuous, which will need to be changed:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/08/single-push-10-step-selector-switch.html
fidel catsro says
hi Mr Swagatam, I would like to make a single on /off button switch circuit that controls 2 different paths to switch 2 different appliances at each on/off button, means first press ON it switches on a lightbulb A, press button again it switches OFF light A, press same button again, it will switch lightbulb B, press same button it turns off, press again it comes back to light A,and so on..
Flavio Soprano says
Luego de casi un lustro llega a Sur América problemas para resolver tecnolócamente que ud mi estimado amigo ha resuelto y compartido… gracias… hacía hace un tiempo este circuito para leds de 60mW y me preguntaba si funcionaría con chups de 1w. Saludos y gracias.
After almost five years come to South America to solve problems you my dear friend and shared resolved … thanks … some time ago this circuit 60mW LEDs and wondered if it would work with chups 1w. Greetings and thanks.
Swagatam says
thanks very much, Im glad to know this!
prithipal singh says
Hello swagatam ji
4.7 mfd 250v is electrolytic capacitors
Madamidola temitope says
wonderful work you are doing here.
more power to your elbow sir.
Swagatam says
you are most welcome Madamidola
kamlesh_sexy says
Hi friend,
I liked 2nd diagram, but I don't have 10uf 250v capacitor at the moment, currently I have:
10uf in 16v, 25v, 50v, 63v.
so what capacitor voltage I can use instead of 10uf 250v??? please suggest me.
Swagatam says
Hi friend, you can try 100uF/25V instead, just connect a 12V zener in parallel with the vertical 1N4007 diode
Naresh S says
And which circuit is safety first one or the second one?
Swagatam says
second one but light will be less.
Naresh S says
Hey sir
What if i use 1uf 650 v ppc instead of 400v?
Swagatam says
naresh, yes it will do…
Aneil Khadgi says
Hello Sir . can i used 12v 1amp adapter to 10 watt led
Baron Joe says
Sir!
Can this be modify to detect overvoltage, a spike or a transient
in the mains? Light up the led, and way not log it with an ARDUINO 😉
Tank's, Joe.
Swagatam says
Baron, the over voltage can be simply stabilized by putting a zener diode across the LED terminals, and the spike or transient can be controlled by inserting an NTC thermistor alone or in conjunction with an MOV 😉
kamlesh_sexy says
Hi friend,
How are you? hope u doing gr8, I am again in little confucsed with led current value, i mean i went to market few days ago to buy 50nos 1w led, but in one shop i got only 20nos and another shop i got 30, so i got total 50nos. Ok after taht i came to home and connect led's to desire voltage (output voltage of battery is 3.2v) the 20nos of led (from 1st shop) brightness is ok, but another 30nos led (from 2nd shop) brightness is different, my question is how to know led current value, i mean 350ma or 300ma? is there any calulation method or any way to check the led current????
Thank you….
Swagatam says
Hi friend, I don't think there's any testing equipment or method which will identify the wattage of an unknown LED??
but in your case it's just because of difference in quality or color spec….both could be 1 watt/350mA but due to different brand, the illumination could be slightly different.
fidel catsro says
dear Swagatham, in reference to the simple single diode schematic diagram : can I replace the 1megaohm resistor in parallel to the 105uf 400v ac capacitor with a neon bulb instead? the 1 megaohm resistor is a simple discharge mechanism to prevent the cap from keeping its current in it and causing a shock when touched accidentally etc whilst being removed from the ac outlet right?
Swagatam says
dear fidel,
you can use a neon bulb in series with the 1M resistor…..but you cannot replace it
that's right, it's for discharging the dangerous mains potential when the circuit is unplugged
Lord of Blackspot says
Dear sir,
I want to attach it a single 5 mm led to project its beam on the wall clock.
So how can be modified this circuit for a single 5mm led? (enough brightness which shouldn't harm led's durability)
Thank you so much sir.
Swagatam says
use a 0.33uF/400V capacitor in place of the shown 105/400V cap, you can try a 0.22uF/400 first if it does not give sufficient light then go for the 0.33uF/400V option
Lord of Blackspot says
Dear sir,
this is Shrinivas from Amravati.
How can be modified this circuit to draw 20mA (for single 5mm LED)? Coz I've tried single 5mm for this circuit bt it lits very brightly which is resulting high temp & no durability. So please suggest exact value (for R?)
Thank you so much sir.
Swagatam says
Dear Srinivas, replace the input 105/400V capacitor with a 0.33uF/400V capacitor
Swagatam says
series connection does not call for current multiplication, rather it involves voltage multiplication….so for 50 LEDs in series current requirement will be 100mA….but voltage requirement could be approximately 50 x 3.3 = 165V
Thivanka says
Dear sir,
64 , 5mm leds connected in seris rated 3.2v @20mA (2 strings)
And 64 leds rated 2.8 @ 20mA (3strings)
I need to conect all of this 5 strings.can u pls help me with how to modify or use your ckt to connect these.strings.
Swagatam says
Dear Thivanka, you will need to add separate resistors on each of the 64 LED string. The formula is:
R = Supply DC – Total FWD drop across the 64 LEDs / LED current of the string
use the above formula for all the strings, after that you can join all those strings in parallel
sat says
IN 4007 diode is rated for 1000v – 1A. connecting 50 x1w leds would put 5000mA (100mA per 1W led) through the DIODE Bridge.. Pl explain how can it work?
Janith Chathuranga says
sir, i want to make this circuit with 10 * 1W leds in 230v
how can do it?
Swagatam says
Janith, simply connect them in series with the shown circuit….that' all, if possible connect a coil in series with the LEDs as indicated in the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2015/05/make-1-watt-led-lamp-using-20ma-leds.html
James Franco says
I tried to add inductor (2.4mF), but it does not higher PF. Did you find any solution for improving PF?
NJ says
Hello Swagatam,
i have followed ur ckt . i want to connect the 18 LED having voltage 3.2V Current 150mA . i have used the 105J 400V capacitor . on AC side the current consumption is 70mA while on DC side at led it is 55mA only . I want to insincere the DC current at led side up to 130mA and decrease the AC current up to 30mA.
Kindly suggest mi how to do that
Swagatam says
Hello NJ, that's not possible with a capacitor power supply because the input/output stages are not isolated.
Bambang says
Hi Swagatam, i like your blog. i have question related changing "2pcs of 4,7uf/250v and 2 pcs of 10 ohm/1watt with 1 pcs of NTC. what value of NTC of it? is it 20 ohm?
Swagatam says
Hi Bambang, it can be a 5 ohm NTC as shown in the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/02/using-ntc-resistor-as-surge-suppressor.html
Kimaya Samarth says
hello,
Can you suggest a circuit to reduce the flickering of LED which is powered by energy generated from a small turbine rotated by water.approx voltage across LED is 1.6v
Swagatam says
just connect a 100uF/25V capacitor directly across the LED leads.
Naresh S says
sir shall i use 105k/250v instead of 1uf /400v?
Swagatam says
It can be used but it won't be reliable….
mahendiran T.V says
dear sir,
Can i replace 1uf/400V by 220nF/400V or 1uf/250V
Swagatam says
1uF/250V can be tried
aravind says
hai sir,
i am aravind
while i am surfing through internet i found that 1uf cap will provide 40ma.
then how it glows 1 watt led which requires 300ma.
does 40ma amp is enough?
please explain.
Swagatam says
Hi Aravind, 1uF will produce 70mA not 40mA, but anyway the LEDs will not get 300mA from it and will light up with 70mA brightness only.
Hemant Rajput says
PLEASE help me i need 12-17 voltage circuit and minimum 0.5 ampere current and i only want to use maximum of 2 reistance and two capacitor and one bridge rectifire like in the circuit i mentioned in link.I just want to know the value of resistance and capacitance for my purpose
cdn.instructables.com/FZG/3MTW/G3KY0MRL/FZG3MTWG3KY0MRL.LARGE.jpg
Swagatam says
Sorry that's not possible, you will have to include a transistor stage also for reliability and safety because at 0.5amps the initial surge will be too high which could damage the load instantly.
Naresh S says
Hi Sir,
What is the output voltage and current of the circuit?
Thanks,
Naresh.S
Swagatam says
Hi Naresh, It would settle down to the 100uF capacitor voltage rating without load. and when a load is connected such as an LED it would further come down to 3.3V
Abid Ginwala says
Hi, Can you guide me with making of LED Street light using 30 Nos. 1W SMD LEDs connected in 3 rows in parallel with 10 LED's in Series. I will use available ready-made good LED Driver (pls give spec of Driver required). Thanx
Swagatam says
Hi You'll need a 33V, 350mA SMPS driver circuit, preferably a current controlled type, if it's not current controlled you could employ the first design from the following link, in conjunction with it.
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/06/universal-high-watt-led-current-limiter.html
Saeed Abu says
Bro how can i drive multicolor 3/4 LED by 220v through resistance only? it will be used as night lamp.
Swagatam says
use a 2k/20 watt resistor
Ransara Wijitharathna says
Hello I like your post very much keep it up!!!
Can I connect about 50 ,5mm leds to this circuit without big 1W leds??
Swagatam says
hi thanks!
yes you can connect them…put them all in series.
use 474/400V instead of 105/400V
hanumanth says
Hello Sir,
I have seen your posting of 1watt led drive from mains supply its good i have tried but,
my led has blown out and i have checked the out put is showing 320v Dc..
I have used the the below parts..
1) 1N4007
2) Resistor 1mego ohm 1/4watts
3) Resistor 56ohms 1watt..
4) capacitor 105/400v polyster type.
5) Capacitor 104/250v polyster type.
6) LED 1watt white.
I have connected as per the draw shown above kinldy le me know where im doing the mistake..
mains voltage i have given 240volts to the above circuit..
Kindly help me sir…
Hanumanth
Swagatam says
replace 104/250 with 10uF/250V, or alternatively you can add an NTC as suggested in the following article.
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/02/using-ntc-resistor-as-surge-suppressor.html
Jayanath Ranasinghe says
Can i use J3305 transistor sir?
Jayanath Ranasinghe says
is there any circuit to glow 10w single chip led from 230v main?
Swagatam says
an smps is the only solution, no other easier method.
Virendra singh says
how to lighten up 20 LED of one watt each connected in parallel , n how many voltage require i have a 35voltage DC battery and how to control upcoming voltage from battery to glow much brighter
Swagatam says
with 35V you get an opportunity to connect 10 LEDs in series with a single limiting resistor, so with 20 LEDs you can make two such strings and connect them in parallel.
The resistor value will be 6 Ohm 1 watt for each string.
The above set up will produce the most optimal response from the LEDs
Swapnil Sinalkar says
which type of capacitor used at input & output stage for above circuit please tell. as early as possible
Swagatam says
input is metallized polyester, and output can be a metallized polyester or an electrolytic
Swagatam says
Dear Muhammad,
You will have to measure the volts across the leads of the LED, and measure current in series with the LED, then multiply the results to get the wattage.
Wajed Pasha says
Hi sir I'm planing to connect 40 1 watt led's in series so i want to add an fan speed controller for dimming. I'm interested in electronic but i don have much knowledge in electronic plese help me can u send me the pic of ready circuit for reference wajedpasha58@gmail I'm waiting for Ur reply
Swagatam says
Hi Wajed,
please refer to the last diagram in this article, you can try this for your project:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2012/11/using-fan-dimmer-for-controlling-led.html
parthiban says
dear mr.Swagatam,
i need transformerless LED driver for 3Watt LED
masoud says
Hi output voltage of about 3 volts. Is it possible to add., And because the filter capacitor should be 250 volts.
Swagatam says
Hi, What is your driver voltage?
You will need to put appropriately calculated resistors with each ED, only then all will light up with uniform brightness.
Swagatam says
……sorry i meant 20mA
Swagatam says
If it's 20mm type then yes you can use it with full capacity
Swagat Suryawanshi says
Can you please provide me any link, or provide me some hint to understand how did you arrive at the input side capacitor of 1uF/400V? I mean how does this value of capacitor restrict or limit the current that is being used by power-led? Also how are we restricting the voltage supplied to the led to 3.4V. I know that even if we provide 5V to the led the forward drop will always be 3.4V; but still if we provide a higher voltage maybe something like 200Vdc then I believe the led will burn out. Then how do we limit the voltage supplied to the led?
Swagatam says
The current is important here which we want to limit by putting a resistance in series with the mains, the capacitor acts like a resistance here which is calculated by calculating its reactance, you can Google a little to find the formula for reactance, this will be in Ohms, next you can employ Ohms law to calculate the current that can be limited through this reactance or resistance.
Swagatam says
The voltage gets automatically restricted to load voltage only in case the current is considerably lower than the maximum spec of the load (LED here), since a 1uF/400V can allow a max of 70mA which is far less than the 1watt LEDs 350mA, the voltage settles down to the LED FWD V level
Swagatam says
…i mean it won't drive with full illumination, anyway you can try connecting the LEDs in series with the above circuit and see the results.
Swagatam says
The above power supply will not be able to illuminate 1 watt LEDs even after suitable changes.
Tanay Makwana says
hi!
when I made the above ckt the resistor 56 ohms just gets blows and if it doesn't, the LED lights up but with very low brightness
Swagatam says
please make this circuit:
2.bp.blogspot.com/-nKF8T8lKIxY/UMg7YDLNQ3I/AAAAAAAAB8U/S1OWTK0cMD4/s1600/Surge%20free%20transformerless%201%20watt%20LED%20driver%20circuit.png
Use 6 diodes and not 12, if you are connecting 1 LEd only
Rajendra Kumar Rojal says
Very nice and perfect circuit.
I made and used under your kind advices. Thanks again. By the way can you suggest substitute of 150/400 as it is too big. I also made circuit of six 1N 4007 perfectly. That is also nice. Please also advise me a perfect and durable five one watt LED circuit.
Thanks again.
Swagatam says
Thank you, Glad you liked it.
Are you referring to the 105/400V cap. It is not too big. A 105/400V will produce 50 mA, lower values will produce even lower current, may not be suitable. In the 4rth MOSFET circuit you can add any number of LEDs up to 90 in series, and they all will light up with equal brightness. You just have to adjust the pot accordingly for getting the required brightens.
Swagatam says
OK, understood, you can replace it with a 10uF/400V
Vivek Kumar says
Sir
when i have made this circuit i got only 2.82 volt on each 1 Watt led.. so pls help me how to increase volt to 3.3V…
I have used following items…
1. 105K/400volt capacitor
2. 150 or 570K resistance for cap
3. 4 diode 4007
4. 56 ohm resistance 2 watt
5. 100V/100mf condenser
6. 1watt 3LED in series
Swagatam says
Hi Vivek,
Increasing current won't be a good idea and is not recommended for such power supplies, instead you can use ordinary 5mm LEDs and connect 50 of them in series, it will produce much higher illumination than a three 1 watt LEDs.
Andre S. says
Dear Sir, i am no expert like you..
i want to try build a led driver.
the DC output should be
14 Ampere (60 * 700mA) , 168 volt (2,8 * 60) , 60 Watt (60 pc * 1 W)
since i want use 1 W led, DC2.3-2.8V 700mA each (read it on the spec of the bulb)..
i want to use 60 piece bulb of 1w power led.
is the DC out that i calculate is right or wrong ?
Swagatam says
Dear Andre,
You can use the circuit which is given in the above article, by connecting all the LEds in series to the output. Be sure to connect a thermistor in series with the input of the above transformerless power supply and increase the input capacitor value to 5uF/400V non-polar
Your current calculation needs correction…..when LEDs are connected in series the current gets shared, meaning in your case the current would be just 700mA…..
By the way 1 watt LEDs are rated at 350mA not 700mA, I am doubtful about your specs.
Shaun P says
Hello Swagatam!
Thank you for all of your time answering everyone's questions. I would like to use your circuit design in a middle school project to create LED light fixtures housed in home cut and planed cherry wood housings. I am wondering which of your two posted designs you would recommend for this project, and how many 1 watt LED's you think would be appropriate for a 3 foot long bar type fixture to give an impression of consistent lighting when used as uplighting mounted above eye level on a wall (I am imaging a simple V design for the housing).
Thank You!
Swagatam says
Hello Shaun,
34nos 1 watt LEDs would be enough within a 3ft span. Remember that you will need a heatsink back PCB for mounting the LEds and an additional thick aluminum heatsink attached behind the PCB for optimum cooling.
Along with this you will have to incorporate a current limiter circuit with each LED module, and the the whole thing will need to be powered through a 2amp 12V smps.
For wiring details and calculations you may refer to the following post:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/02/make-this-1000-watt-led-flood-light.html
Swagatam says
CFL bubs are very complicated to build because they involve inductors which are too critical…so i am sorry, no ideas.