How to Make a Solar Cell from a Transistor

The majority of newbie electronic hobbyists would certainly have a couple of burned up power transistors such as 2N3055 hiding inside their junk box.

Supposing we have their internal semiconductor junctions still intact, the device could be transformed into a nice little solar cell by filing or sawing off the top cap of the device, in order to uncover the internal embedded chip die.

How much Current can be Generated with a 2N3055 Solar Cell?

When this 2N3055 chip semiconductor is exposed strong sunlight, will probably crank out approximately 0.7 V at currents as high as 20 mA. The graph demonstrates output voltage drawn versus load current.

How to Increase Curent

Since the surface area of the silicon chip is tiny when compared to a standard solar cell you may need a magnifying glass or a convex lens to concentrate sun rays over the silicon die chip in order to boost the output current.

On the other hand, extremely strong concentrated sunlight is strictly not advised, which may otherwise permanently burn the transistor junction!

Advantage of Using New 2N3055

In case a transistor in good condition is utilized then you may find the output current doubled, when the collector-base and emitter-base junction a are wired up parallel, as indicated in the circuit diagram.

This may not be possible if the transistor is already faulty. This is because a damaged transistor may have a faulty junction which may be short-circuited, causing a short at the output of the solar cell.

How to get 12 V from 2N3055 Solar Cell

To get 12 V from 2N3055 customized solar cells, you may have to join 18 of these in series, as demonstrated in the following diagram.

Since each device is capable of producing around 0.7 V, the total voltage generated could be around 0.7 x 18 = 12.6 V. However, the maximum current wouldn't change and be still around 40 mA.

Warning: Please do not use the outdated Germanium power transistors, because these types may possibly include extremely toxic ingredients. On the other hand, a leading semiconductor producer have ascertained that the more contemporary silicon devices, including the 2N3055, are absolutely safe in this regard.

About Swagatam

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials.
If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!