The sinusoidal waveform or sine wave is the most commonly used AC waveform in circuit theory. When a periodic AC waveform is produced by a voltage source, it creates an EMF that changes polarity at regular intervals, with the time it takes to complete one full reversal known as the waveform’s period. Direct current, also […]
Electronics Theory
How to Calculate Zener Diode Resistor
In this article I have explained how to calculate and the find the value of the zener diode resistor using simple formulas. What is a Zener Diode Zener diodes are semiconductor devices which are used for regulating an input DC voltage to any desired output voltage. The regulated output voltage value directly depends on the […]
Point Contact Diodes [History, Construction, Application Circuit]
In this article I will comprehensively explain about the early point contact diodes, and their modern versions which are Germanium diodes. Here I have explained the following facts: Brief history of point contact diodes Construction of point contact diodes and modern Germanium diodes Advantages of point contact diodes or Germanium diodes Applications of Germanium Diodes […]
How to Make Logic Gates using Transistors
In this post I have explained how to build NOT, AND, NAND, OR, and NOR logic gates using discrete transistors. The main advantage of using transistor logic gates is that they can work even with voltages as low as 1.5 V. In some electronic applications the available voltage may be inadequate to power TTL or […]
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Explained
The full form of LED is Light Emitting Diode. LEDs are special type of semiconductor diodes which emit light in response to a potential difference applied across their terminals, hence the name light emitting diode. Just like a normal diode LEDs also have two terminals with polarity, namely anode and cathode. To illuminate an LED […]
What is a Gunn Diode? How it Works?
Gunn diodes are semiconductor devices which are used to generate low-power microwave signals in a simple and low-cost manner. These have been in use for more than 60 years now. Gunn diodes can work with frequencies ranging from a few gigahertz to over 100 GHz. It was first discovered by J. B. Gunn of IBM […]