Two main types of FETs that presently exist are: JFETs and MOSFETs. MOSFETs can be further classified into depletion type and enhancement type. Both these types define the fundamental mode of operation of MOSFETs, while the term MOSFET itself is the abbreviation of metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistor. Due to the fact that the two types have different […]
Electronics Theory
Solid State Relay (SSR) Circuit using Two MOSFETs
SSR or Solid state relays are high power electrical switches that work without involving mechanical contacts, instead they use just a couple of solid state semiconductors like MOSFETs for switching an electrical load, smoothly, and with high efficiency. SSRs can be used for operating high power loads, through a small input trigger voltage with negligible […]
BJT Transfer Characteristics
In BJTs or bipolar transistors, transfer characteristics can be understood as plotting of an output current against an input-controlling magnitude, which consequently exhibits a direct “transfer” of variables from input to output in the curve represented in the graph. We know that for a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the output collector current IC and the […]
Unijunction Transistor (UJT) – Comprehensive Tutorial
A unijunction transistor is a 3 terminal semiconductor device which is unlike a BJT has only a single pn junction. It is basically designed to be used as a single-stage oscillator circuit for generating pulsed signals suitable for digital-circuit applications. UJT Relaxation Oscillator Circuit The unijunction transistor could be typically wired in the form of […]
Understanding MOSFET Turn-ON Process
A correctly calculated MOSFET turn-ON process ensures that the device is switched ON with optimal efficiency. While designing MOSFET based circuits you might have wondered what is the correct way of turning ON a MOSFET? Or simply what is the minimum voltage that should be applied across gate/source of the device to switch it ON […]
Digital-to-Analog (DAC), Analog-to-Digital (ADC) Converter Circuits Explained
A digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a circuit designed to convert a digital input signal into an analog output signal. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) works in the opposite way and transforms an analog input signal into a digital output. In this article I will comprehensively discuss how digital to analog, and analog to digital converter circuits work, using diagrams and formulas. In […]