The TSOP17XX series ICs are special infrared sensor devices built for responding to specific range of infrared frequencies and convert it into an electrical pulsed output. It thus features a foolproof immunity to other forms of IR signals.
Due to this specific center or band-pass operating frequency of a TSOP17XX, it becomes difficult to use these sensors for designing a desired or customized frequency based remote control circuits.
In this post we will try to figure out an idea for enabling these sensors to work with any desired unique frequency so that the circuit can be made entirely foolproof.
Basic Working Principle of TSOP17XX Sensor Modules
If we refer to the datasheet of the TSOP17XX IR sensor we find that the IC has some critical operating guidelines to ensure correct and optimal functioning of the sensor in response to an IR signal.
To enable correct functioning of the sensor, the IR signal must be oscillated at the devices's band pass center frequency value, and modulated at bursts of 10 to 70 cycles, with a certain gap after each cycle, as shown in the following image.
The image above clearly shows, that the IR beam from the Tx must be pulsed with the center frequency of the IC which is generally between 30kHz and 39kHx, and modulated with bursts of 10ms gap.
The TSOP responds to this center frequency signal and triggers ON, producing a replicated waveform at its output, wherein the 38kHz are leveled out into bursts of ordinary square wave pulses.
This complex operational waveform ensures increased immunity against many spurious frequencies that may be present in the atmosphere emanated from light bulbs, lke CFLs, fluorescent lamps etc.
Drawback of TSOP17XX Sensors
Although the sensor features a foolproof operation due to this complex signal reception pattern, the fixed center frequency for TSOP sensors restricts their use only to this specific frequency range, making it impossible to create unique customized IR remote control circuits using these chips.
Due to this drawback, a TSOP based remote control system can be usually operated using any common TV or DVD remote control handset, and using any of the buttons on the control unit.
However in electronics there's always a workaround for everything, and for these sensors too we can create a design which will allow us to use the IC with selected unique frequency of our choice so that the receiver is switched only through a particular compatible Tx pair, and not with any available common remote handset.
Designing a Unique Frequency Based TSOP Remote Control Circuit
From the above discussion we understood that a TSOP based sensors require bursts of 38kHz frequency, or the specified center frequency for operating, which indicates that the signal involves two frequencies in which the center frequency is constant but the burst frequency is variable, and not critical.
The idea is to capture this burst frequency in our favor, and use a filter which may recognize this frequency for triggering the output.
The filter circuit can be easily designed using an LM567 tone decoder circuit, and use it for decoding a particular burst frequency from the TSOP sensor output at the receiver side.
The basic concept can be witnessed in the following diagram.
Circuit Diagram
Circuit Operation
Referring to the above circuit diagram for implementing TSOP17XX with customized frequencies, we see that it consists of 3 basic stages:
the TSOP17XX sensor stage
the LM567 based frequency detector stage
and the IC 4017 based flip flop or bistable circuit stage.
The TSOP17XX stage is configured in its standard mode, which picks up the modulated 38kHz frequency from the transmitter Tx unit and creates a pulsed square wave as indicated in the first diagram.
This output from the TSOP can be expected to carry the burst frequency in which we are interested in. This may be set to 1kHz, 2kHz or anything below 10kHz.
Now we want our LM567 tone decoder stage to detect this modulated frequency correctly, therefore we must make sure that the R1/C1 of the LM567 stage is calculated such that the internal oscillator locks into the same frequency matching the modulation frequency bursts from the TSOP output.
Once these parameters are set we can expect the LM567 to latch ON as soon as the selected frequency is detected from the TSOP78XX output, while any other modulation frequency is simply rejected.
On detecting a correctly assigned frequency, the LM567 output generates a corresponding low trigger signal at its pin#8, activating the attached IC 4017 based flip flop input pin#14 via the PNP.
In this way we are able to assign different unique frequencies ensuring that the receiver triggering is enabled only through the matching Tx handset and not with any common TV remote control unit.
Making the Customized Transmitter (Tx) Circuit
In the above discussion we learned how a TSOP17XX sensor can be operated with a customized frequency using a frequency detector stage, however this also means that the transmitter (Tx) will also need to be built uniquely for generating the customized IR signals.
The following figure shows how this may be implemented using a single IC 4049, and a few passive elements:
The 6 gates are all from the IC 4049, R3 can be 10K resistors while the presets can be 100K. The C1 caps will need to be selected with some practical experimentation. The diode can be a 1N4148, remaining resistors may be selected 2K2.
As can be seen the upper pair of gates along with R3, preset and C1 is configured as a free running oscillator, the lower section also has an identical stage.
The upper section is fed to an intermediate buffer gate whose output is finally connected with the transmitter IR photodiode.
The whole section is configured to generate the basic center frequency for the TSOP17XX compatibility which may range from 32kHz to 38kHz depending on the spec of the selected sensor.
The lower oscillator is supposed to be a low frequency modulating stage which can be seen integrated with the upper section through a diode. This low frequency switches the upper high frequency to generate the required "38kHz bursts" on the IR transmitter diode.
This low frequency actually becomes our unique frequency, or the intended customized remote control frequency which needs to be matched with the LM567 frequency so that the both frequencies "shake hands" during the IR communication between the Tx and the Rx units.
The low frequency could be selected from anywhere between 1kHz to 10kHz, and this selected range should be precisely set for the LM567 stage by appropriately adjusting its R1/C1 values.
This concludes our discussion regarding how to modify a TSOP17XX sensor circuit for accommodating customized special frequency ranges or uniquely selected frequency ranges for making the remote control system absolutely foolproof and personal.
If you have any doubts regarding the concept, the comment box is all yours!
