In this post I have explained how to build NOT, AND, NAND, OR, and NOR logic gates using discrete transistors. The main advantage of using transistor logic gates is that they can work even with voltages as low as 1.5 V. In some electronic applications the available voltage may be inadequate to power TTL or […]
Newly Updated Circuit Projects:
How to Calculate Zener Diode Resistor
In this article I have explained how to calculate and the find the value of the zener diode resistor using simple formulas. What is a Zener Diode Zener diodes are semiconductor devices which are used for regulating an input DC voltage to any desired output voltage. The regulated output voltage value directly depends on the […]
Understanding Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
If we look at the diodes, their internal construction look very simple. They are made by joining two pieces of semiconductor material, and this is called a pn-junction. But when we talk about bipolar junction transistor or bjt, then things get little more complicated. It needs adding one more layer of semiconductor material, and that […]
Understanding AC Circuit and Calculating AC Waveform
The sinusoidal waveform or sine wave is the most commonly used AC waveform in circuit theory. When a periodic AC waveform is produced by a voltage source, it creates an EMF that changes polarity at regular intervals, with the time it takes to complete one full reversal known as the waveform’s period. Direct current, also […]
How Load Conducts in Half-Bridge Driver Circuits like IR2184 or IR2110
Many folks, especially beginners, they get fully confused when they try to use a half-bridge driver circuits using ICs like IR2184 or IR2110. They look at the datasheet diagram and start thinking, “Bro, how the load will conduct? The MOSFETs are switching one by one so how the current will pass through the load? Looks […]
DPDT Relay Working, Pinouts, Testing Explained
In this post we are going to understand about how this DPDT relay actually works, how we identify its pinouts, and how we can use it in our projects. We shall go step by step so that you can feel confident with every small thing about it. Introduction We know that a DPDT relay means […]