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How to Set IC 741 for Auto Cut-oFF

How to Set IC 741 for Auto Cut-oFF

Updated:

The post explains how to set or adjust an opamp 741 IC based battery charger circuit for implementing an automatic cut-off for the connected battery once it reaches the full-charge level.

Since I have many such IC 741 battery charger circuits posted here, the instructions will be helpful for correctly setting up most of those relevant circuits. The query was put forth by Mr. Chaw.

How to Setup Charging Thresholds

I have finished with the universal Automatic 741 battery charger circuit prototyping. In order to test, can u explain me briefly about the settings for input and trimmers etc before i charge the battery ?

Let's say now I am going to charge Ni-MH 400mAh 7.2V battery:

(1) What is the power supply input voltage and current ? According to what u have mentioned, any voltage between 15-24V and 5A setting will do regardless of the battery voltage ?

(2) How can I predict and calculate my charging time to the battery ?

(3) What are the modification to 4k7 and 10k trimmer before charging ?

(4) Last but not least, if I want to add the LED showing the charging status, where should i add this to ?

I am sorry for asking too many questions, but thanks for all the way helping me out with my internship project. May god bless u for ur hardwork. Really appreciate it !! 😀



Video Explanation:

Circuit Diagram

LM338 opamp battery auto cut charger circuit

PCB Design

Analyzing the Circuit Query

Hi Chaw,

The instructions given below will help you to understand regarding how to quickly set up an opamp 741 battery charger circuit for an auto cut-off operation.

1) First disconnect the 1N4148 diode link connected at preset center arm and also the LED 4k7 resistor end from the base of the transistor. Connect this 4k7 end to ground temporarily.

2) Do not connect any battery as yet.

3) Feed an input voltage that may be at least 3 to 5V higher than the battery voltage.

4) Adjust the 4K7 pot to get a 8.5V across the terminals which is to be connected with battery.

5) Now adjust the trimmer such that the red LED just lights up.

That's all, your circuit is all set now

Reconnect the 1N4148 end with the preset center terminal as before and restore the LED 4k7 connection with the BC547 base.

You can now charge the battery from this charger and witness an auto cut off when the 7.2V reaches 8.5V.

The back up time will depend on the input current, if it's at the full 1C rate then you can expect the cell to charge within 1 hour or time.

you can add another LED across positive rail and pin#6 (for IC 741) with a series 1K resistor for the charging ON indicator

Estimating Charging Time

Yes noted, I have followed ur instructions to make a setting before charging. I have mentioned that I will made use of a 7.2V battery to test. In this case, may i know the purpose of why u advice me to get a 8.5V at the battery terminal ?

Like for example, if I were to charge another battery (12V,24V,etc...) with different voltage, how do I know the voltage that I should achieve ? Additionally, adjusting 4k7 trimmer to get 8.5V at the battery terminals (cathode of 1N5408 and ground), do I also need to get this voltage at the Vout pin of LM338?

Since my battery is 400mAh, I try to use 40mA for my input current because I got read from some of the comments that u suggested to use the input current which is five or ten times lesser than the battery mAh.

Thus, the time taken will be up to 4 hours to charge my battery, am I correct ? Is there any way to shorten my time taken like increase the input current in the other way ?

One more thing to clarify is that if I test with my multimetre to the battery terminals while charging, the voltage will keep on increasing after some time and when it reaches 8.5V, it will auto cut off the current and said to have a full charging ? I do apologize for so many questions every time sir.

Since I am still doing an internship, I want to understand in depth about all this project. I really do appreciate your patience to me 😀 With regards, Chaw

Charging a 12V Battery Optimally

For a 12V battery the recommended full charge level is 14.3V, so with this yardstick we can easily calculate the full charge levels of other batteries using the following simple cross multiplication formula:

12/V(Batt) = 14.3/V(full)

Here V(batt) is the normal batt voltage of any battery, and V(full) is the required full charge result.

the charging voltage should be measured and set after the diode cathode so that the diode FWD drop is countered appropriately, meaning the LM338 terminal voltage will be 0.6V higher than the above level.

For a lead acid batt the 1/10th charging current becomes a crucial factor and is strongly recommended but for Li-Ion this may not be the case, these batts can be charged even at their full AH rates for achieving a quick 1 hour or 2 hour charging period (temperature of the batt may go significantly high and must be monitored in such cases).

Yes the battery voltage will gradually keep rising while it gets charged, and as soon as it reaches 8.5V, will be auto cut-off by the opamp circuit.

Wish you all the best!

SHARING IS CARING!

About the Author

I am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), hobbyist, inventor, schematic/PCB designer, manufacturer. I am also the founder of the website: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/, where I love sharing my innovative circuit ideas and tutorials. If you have any circuit related query, you may interact through comments, I'll be most happy to help!






91 thoughts on “How to Set IC 741 for Auto Cut-oFF”

  1. Sir
    When the cut off is done, the light is not completely cut. It keeps glowing slightly.
    I tried LM358 and LM 741 as different circuit. Please reply.
    Thanks again.
    Ajitkumar

    • Ajitkumar, it’s due to leakage (offset) voltage from the opamp output. But this should not happen with LM358, this can show up only in 741 ICs.
      To prevent it you can add 2 or 3 1N4148 diodes in series with the output terminal of the opamp or in series with the LED

    • No difference. but preset is recommended here since it will be stiffer and will hold the adjustments firmly, I would even recommend to seal the adjustment by putting some kind of gum or glue as soon as the 14V cut off is adjusted

  3. I have given 17v / 3amp input and I want to charge Betteri of 12v / 7ah and 25ah with autocut not being autocuted. I can not understand

    • then something may be wrong with your parts or assembly or setting up procedure. take the help of a knowledgeable person with you if you are finding it difficult to understand and implement my instructions

  4. Even before applying Betteri, it is showing 8.2V on the LED. What will remain 8.2v on autocut or 0v will be on autocut

    • You must switch ON input power supply only after connecting a discharged battery. when you do this the 14V will drop to a lower battery level. The led will be shut off now. as the battery charges and reaches 14V, the opamp output will become high, LEd will switch ON and the supply to the battery will cut-off

      I hope you understood now

      your input current must be 10 times less than the battery Ah

  5. ckeck – jmp.sh/xqhCt9y

    Turning the 10k preset on the right turns off the LED and looks 14.6 V by turning left, the LED turns on and the voltage remains at 1.00v.

    I have to complete this soon as soon as I have a project on June 15..plz help me

    • OK understood, there was a slight mistake in the explanation.
      Please do as explained below:
      First change the 1N5408 diode position near the battery positive as shown in the updated diagram, because we want the battery voltage reaching the opamo preset all the time.
      After this only for testing purpose, disconnect two things: First disconnect the 1N4148 link, then disconnect the LED 4k7 end from the transistor base and connect it directly to the ground line.
      Now when you turn the 10K preset reverse/forward, the LED must also switch ON/OFF in response to this…so now you can set the preset such that at 14.6V the LED just switches ON. To confirm this result LED try reducing the 14.6V to 14.4V, and you will find the LED shutting off. This will prove your setting is correctly done. That’s all!!!
      Now restore the 1N4148 and 4k7 connections back in their original positions, and connect a discharged battery to see it cutting off (LED ON) at 14.6V (14V at batt terminal)
      Make sure that the battery Ah is 10 times higher than input current from the LM338 or LM317 IC whichever you have used.

      • As you said, the PCB worked perfectly well now the Led has to shut down or turn on before adding the battery

        Because the LED is showing 8.2v on the current and 14.6v on turning off the LED

        • I did as you said but still not being autocut. Before connecting Betteri. Have to turn the LED on or
          Off. tell me
          LED On position Show 8.2v and LED off position show 14.6v

          • you must connect the battery first and then switch ON power. When you do this, the voltage will drop to the battery level, may be to 11V or 10.5V whatever may be the discharge level. Then slowly the battery will begin getting charged, and when 14V is reached across the battery terminals the red led will be ON, and the charging will be cut off.

  7. Meaning 12v Battery will have to keep 3v or 5v more than 4k7 presets. Battery is 14.3V so you have to set 18v with 4k7 preset

    • initially do not connect any battery, feed 17V or 18V at the input, connect a meter across the LM338 output terminals, and adjust the 4k7 preset until a 14.6V is seen on the meter.

      14.6V is mentioned because the diode at the battery positive would drop the 0.6V during actual charging, and provide only 14V across the battery terminals.

      • plz check circuit daigram: jmp.sh/O5pJiEu

        zener 3.3v or 6v Not found in the market..It is replaced by 3.6v 0r 6.2v

        There will not be any problem

        And as you said adjust the 4k7 preset until a 14.6V is seen on the meter. So the same voltage for 7ah or 25ah bettery will be 14.6 v

        • Sorry Deepak due to lack of time I am not able to check the PCB tracks for accuracy, you will have to do it yourself.
          yes the mentioned zener replacement will work.
          14.6V is OK for all 12V batteries.

      • Please help me. My input is 17.5 V and 4K7 is set to 14.6 v from preset but not being autocut.

        Keeping the 10k preset in the middle is being led on getting autocut but do not be autocut with Betterie, explain to me how autocut will be

        • I have explained the setting up procedure in the article, see the explanation under the PCB design…read it very carefully and do it as explained.

          • to do this
            Set the 4k7 and 10k presets in such a way that the red led light is illuminated at 14.6v and then adding to the battery

            • first diconnet the 1N4148 link
              then adjust the 10k preset to ground line
              then switch ON input supply
              then adjust the 4k7 to get 14.6V.
              finally adjust the 10K preset such that the LED just switches ON.
              After this you can connect the 1N4148 link back into postilion.

  13. Dear Swagatam then I reconfigure the charger with the procedure and then connect a discharged battery, and then the red led will turn off and activate the power?

    • Patrick, if you do it with proper understanding then it will definitely work.

      You can first try it without the 1N4148 feedback link.

      check whether the red LED switches ON or not once the battery reaches full charge level. If it does then your charger is working correctly.

      s

  14. Dear Swagatam but in the article indicates that there should be no battery connected, then the battery that I connect in the configuration must be charged or discharged?

    • Patrick, yes that’s correct!

      Actually I thought you had completed all the procedures and were seeing the RED LED ON during initial power switch ON, without a battery connected. but anyway after setting up the red LED if you connect the feedabck then the opamp will get latched, and you will find the red LED always ON until power is switch OFF and ON again, with a battery connected…you will have to understand how the feedback is designed to work, or you can simply remove it.

      during setting up procedure the feed back should be removed, no battery should be attached, and the preset flipped up down to identify the red LED trigger point, and finally the preset should be set at the point where the LED just switches ON…this should be done with the correct supply fed to the circuit.

      once this is done the feedback can be connected back in position.

      next, for verifying the results, a discharged battery may be connected and power switched ON, you will find the red LED shut off and the battery charging… until the set charge threshold is reached.

  15. Dear swagatan I do everything that you indicate in the configuration and then I connect the diode 1n4148 and the resistor of 4,7k when I connect I stay on the red led and there is no voltage output

    • Dear Patrick, if you do it without a battery connected then naturally the circuit will get latched through the red LED, and that means you have not followed the explanation and the instructions given in the article.

      I hope you have adjusted the preset as mentioned in the article and I hope your oamp is switching the LED ON/OFF at the thresholds??

      If it is then you must test it with a discharged battery connected, and using an input supply whose current much lower than the battery’s aH rating.

      and just following my instructions will not help…you will have to understand how the opamp is designed to function, once you understand it will be matter of seconds solving any issues that may possibly arise.

      • …if you are not able to “handle” the feedback link, don’t bother,…remove it, just make sure red LED lights up at the full charge threshold level…that’s all, even in this condition it will still prevent the battery from getting over charged.

  16. Ok thanks, Dear Swagatan another query the red led that indicates? How do I know my battery will be fully charged? another query instead of placing the lm338 could place a lm317, since the current of my battery is low?

    • The red LED will light up when the opamp detects full charge voltage level on the battery, as per the adjustment done on the preset.

      yes, you can replace LM338 with LM317 for low current battery.

    • Dear Patrick, for 18V battery you will need a charging 22V input which is above the max limit of IC 741, therefore you may have to use a 7812 IC for supplying the pin#7 of the IC, and also use a 1K in series with the upper arm of the 10K preset. that’s all

  18. Hello Swagatam,

    Thank you for all your help. I'm trying to implement this circuit for a 20V (2Ah) Li-Ion battery, so what should I change to get that done? Since the cutoff setup seems to require removal of parts, how would set up take place if this circuit were built on a PCB?

    • Thank you wiseman, you can use the same circuit for safely charging your 20V Li-ion battery, just alter the following two things:

      use a 22k pot for the LM338 voltage regulation instead of the shown 4k7, and use the 741 IC which is rated to work with 32V, if it's not available then replace the 741 with a LM321 IC and configure the pis accordingly.

  19. Hello Swagatam,

    Thank you for this circuitry. I am trying to modify this circuit for a 20V Li-Ion battery, so what should change? It appears that one has to remove circuit parts to set the voltage. How should it be set up if one is interested in building the circuit in PCB?

    Thank you for your response.

  21. Hi Swa,
    The circuit that i use is using LM 741. You are right, pin 6 produces only arround 1.1V when the battery has not reached the preferrable full charge voltage. The reason why last time it can be 2.5V, because the LM 741 was not conducting yet as the pin7 is not properly connected to Vcc+, but pin 6 got the positive supply from the feed back voltage of the LED of the charging indicator (positive trail to pin 6 zener anode lead with 1K resistor).

    I have done some modifiction as follows
    -. Reduced the zener of the pin 2 to 4V3. Retained the resistor value of pin 2 as it is
    -. Reduced the value of the resistor of pin 3
    -. Removed the charging indicator LED, as it caused the feed back voltage which is adding the voltage of the anode lead of the pin 6 zener. This caused the BC 547 conducting all the time.
    -. Installed beeper using IC555 and switching transistor 2N2222. The beeper will sound once the battery get fully charged.
    -. installed a 2 poles 3 position selector for: 1. setting the cut-off; 2. connect discharged battery, then wait for few seconds untill the charger voltage come down, then; 3. Connect the cut off.
    -. Increase the value of the relevant diodes to accomodate charging current up to 5Amp.
    -. For charging indicator LED, i installed a LED differently.

    By doing that, the charger is perfectly functioning for charging 6V to 24V battery with max 50AH.
    Thanks for your support.
    Kanta.

    • That's great Kanta! Although I believe few of the modifications were not required, if it's working for you then it's absolutely fine….

  22. Hi Swa,

    What if i lower the zener value of the pin2 from 6V2 to 4V7 and also change the resistor value on its cathode lead to 1K. I will also remove the resistor on the pin 2 and pin3. By doing this i hope the cut off can be workable for charging 6 V up to 24 V battery. Do you agree? You kind advice please.

    For your information, as for the pin6, the lowest voltage comes out from pin 6 is ranging 3.1 to 3.3V, hence, the zener of the pin 6 should not be lower than 3V, otherwise the BC 547 will always be conducted. That happened when i used the 2V7 zener on the pin 6, the BC547 always conduct eventhough the trimmer of pin3 on the lowest position.

    Thanks
    Kanta

  23. Hi Swa,
    I have constructed the charger using the above circuit. However, when i set the cut off, it only works when the voltage of the Power supply reach above 12.3 volt. When i measure the voltage of the pin 6 of the LM 741, if the power supply below 12.3V, the voltage of pin 6 is allways below 3.1 to 3.3V, eventhough i have trimmed the preset of the LM741 on the max level.
    Can you please tell me what cause this. How do we modify the circuit in such a way so that we can use it to have automatically cut off for charging the battery below 12 V. I will use it to charge 6V, 9V and 12 V battery.
    Thanks
    Kanta

    • Hi Kanta, which zener diode did you use as the reference at pin#2?

      the idea is simple, the pin#6 will become high whenever the voltage at pin#3 goes above the reference value set at pin#2, therefore pin#3 preset must be adjusted such that the voltage at pin#3 just goes above pin#2 reference at the preferred battery full-charge voltage level.

    • Hi Swa,
      I am using zener diode of 6V2 at the pin 2. I am using IC 7812 to feed the power of the IC 741. The zener for pin 6 is 3V. The charger power is supplied by 24V 5A transformer.
      Could you please give me the proper value for the zener at pin 6 which can be used for cut off function for 6V up to 24 V. Should we also change the Resistor value at pin 2 and pin 3 ?
      Thanks
      Kanta

    • Kanta,
      6.2V is OK…
      pin#6 zener is only to block a possible leakage (1V) from the IC output which can be easily done with a 3V zener, so that's fine too.

      If you wish you can remove the 10K resistors from pin3 and pin2 although that's irrelevant…

      just adjust the preset at pin3 such that at the preferred over voltage pin3 voltage is set to be just above pin#2 reference voltage that is 6.2V

      for example if the overcharge level is 9V then at this voltage pin3 voltage should be set at 6.3V or 6.4V which will trigger the output to go high.

      I have explained the procedure thoroughly in the article you may want to go through it also for more info

  24. Hi Swa,
    I am constructing the charger using the above circuit, i just notice that the shop gave me the wrong zener of 2V7 instead of 3V for the pin 6 of the IC. Can i use the 2V7 zener ?
    Thanks
    Kanta

    • Hi Sir,

      I made the circuit. But the 220ohm resistor at the output of LM338 is burning after a few seconds. I believe this resistir does not need to be a high wattage as it does not expect high current here. I am using a 1/4w resistor.
      Please guide me.

      regards
      JK

    • Hi JK, that can never happen since the 220 ohm has no place to get shorted.

      the 4k7 pot may short the ADJ pin and the 220 ohm to ground while adjusting, but that's a normal feature of the IC….therefore the 220 ohm has no reason to burn unless you have connected the IC pins wrongly or your IC itself is faulty.

  26. Hi Swa,
    Sorry, to ask you again. The trimmer of 10K (on LM 741), should be connected to the Anode or Cathode of 1N 5408 ?
    As for zener at pin 2 of LM 741, can i use 6.2V ?
    Thanks
    Kanta

    • Kanta, one of the end leads of the trimmer is connected with the anode of the 1N5408, center with the 741 pin#3, and the other end lead with ground.

      any zener within 3 and 10V can be used.

  28. Hi Swa,
    Can LM 741/UA 741 take supply voltage up to 24 volt ?
    What if i use LM 321, can this IC take upto 24 volt ?
    Thanks
    Kanta

  30. am not geting it right.wil try again .was too lazy to cross check my components.anyway,wl get newer ones.sir, one question is i need a zener diode of 12v 1watt bt all i can get is 12v 1/2watt pls hw can i add zener diodes to give 12v 1watt.tnx

  31. Good day sir,
    Please can this circuit be used in an inverter to cut off full charge?
    I see the input amps as just 50.
    Thank you sir.

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