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Archives for 2015

Calculating Filter Capacitor for Smoothing Ripple

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 57 Comments

In the previous article I explained about ripple factor in power supply circuits, here we continue and evaluate the formula for calculating ripple current, and consequently the filter capacitor value for eliminating the ripple content in the DC output. The previous post explained how a DC content after rectification may carry the maximum possible  amount […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Calculating, Capacitor, Filter, Ripple, Smoothing

How to Design a Buck Converter Circuit: Formulas and Calculations

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 67 Comments

pwm2Bcheck

In this post I have explained the method of designing buck converter circuits by calculating all the required parameters, in order to ensure an optimal performance from these devices. We take the example of IC 555 buck converter typologies, and try to understand the optimizing techniques through equations and manual adjustments, for achieving the most […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Buck, Calculations, Converter, Design, Formulas

How a Connect a Potentiometer

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam 10 Comments

use2Bpots

In this article we study how potentiometers work and try to understand how to connect potentiometers in electronic circuits. How Potentiometers Work Potentiometers, or pots as these are called in short form are passive electronic devices which are basically just variable resistors, or resistors whose values can be altered from zero maximum within the given […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Connect, Potentiometer

How Mosquito Traps Work

Last Updated on May 20, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

795px Mosquito Tasmania crop

Mosquito and other forms of fly trap mechanisms work by making use of luring techniques for attracting the insects, which involve carbon dioxide gas, body odor simulators and ultraviolet lights. These traps become very useful in areas which may be highly infested with mosquitoes, however due to its high costs such traps are not very […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: Mosquito, Traps, Work

Arduino LCD KeyPad Shield (SKU: DFR0009) Datasheet

Last Updated on May 18, 2026 by Swagatam Leave a Comment

pindetails

The write up explains the pinout and working details of the LCD module “Arduino LCD KeyPad Shield (SKU: DFR0009)” which is specifically manufactured for offering a quick plug-in compatibility for all Arduino based applications which may require displaying a particular parameter in digits, such as temperature, speed, time, weight etc. Arduino LCD KeyPad Shield (SKU: […]

Filed Under: Arduino Projects, Datasheets and Components Tagged With: Arduino, DFR0009, KeyPad, LCD, Shield, SKU

IC LM321 Datasheet – IC 741 Equivalent

Last Updated on May 18, 2026 by Swagatam 14 Comments

lm321

The IC LM321 is the single op amp version of LM324 which is a quad op amp IC and carries 4 of these ICs in one package. Therefore for applications which demand a single op amp with the attributes of the versatile LM324, in such cases this single op amp can be utilized effectively. For […]

Filed Under: Datasheets and Components Tagged With: 741, Datasheet, Equivalent, LM321

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