Photodiodes and phototransistors are semiconductor devices which have their p-n semiconductor junction exposed to light through a transparent cover, so that external light can react and force an electrical conduction through the junction. How Photodiodes Work A photodiode is just like a regular semiconductor diode (example 1N4148) consisting of a p-n junction, but it has […]
Application
3 Terminal Fixed Voltage Regulators – Working and Application Circuits
The popular 3 terminal fixed regulators available today are in the form of IC 7805, IC 7809, IC 7812, IC 7815, and IC 7824, which correspond to fixed voltage outputs of 5 V, 9 V, 12 V, 15V, and 24 V. These are called fixed voltage regulators since these ICs are able to produce excellent […]
Neon Lamps – Working and Application Circuits
A neon lamp is a glow lamp made up of a glass cover, fixed with a pair of segregated electrodes and containing an inert gas (neon or argon). The main application of a neon lamp is in the form of indicator lamps or pilot lamps. When supplied with a low voltage, the resistance between the […]
Linear Hall-Effect Sensor – Working and Application Circuit
Linear Hall-effect ICs are magnetic sensor devices designed to respond to magnetic fields to produce a proportionate amount of electrical output. It thus becomes useful for measuring the strength of magnetic fields, and in applications that require an output switched through magnetic triggers. The modern hall effect ICs are designed with immunity to most mechanical […]
BJT Emitter-Follower – Working, Application Circuits
In this post I have explained how to use a transistor emitter follower configuration in practical electronic circuits, we study this through a few different example application circuits. An emitter follower is one of the standard transistor configurations which is also referred to as common collector transistor configuration. Let’s try to first understand what’s an […]
How IC LM337 Works: Datasheet, Application Circuits
In this post I will talk about the function of an interesting voltage regulator device: The LM337, which is basically the negative complementary device for the popular LM317 IC. Built with an adjustable 3-terminal negative voltage, this regulator can conveniently supply around 1.5 A with an output voltage range of -1.2 V to -37 V. […]