LM12 is a power operational amplifier integrated circuit (IC) developed by National Semiconductor (now owned by Texas Instruments). It is designed for use in high-power audio amplifiers, servo amplifiers, and other high-current applications. Here are the electrical specifications and technical datasheet of the LM12: Electrical Specifications: Technical Specifications: Overall, the LM12 is a high-performance power […]
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How to Modify 78XX, LM323, LM350, LM317 Voltage Regulator Circuits
In this article I have explained many different methods of modifying voltage regulators ICs to improve their voltage and current handling characteristics. We learn how to externally modify these regulators using transistors and ICs for upgrading their current and power handling capacities. We discuss how to modify 78XX ICs, LM317 ICs, LM350 ICs, and LM323 […]
LM195/LM395 Power Transistors Explained [Enhanced Power Transistors with Full Internal Protections]
The LM195 and LM395 are both high efficiency power transistors that were initially manufactured by National Semiconductor Corporation, and later acquired by “Texas Instruments”. These special power transistors are intended to be used in high power switching applications, where low power dissipation and high current gain are critical parameters. These special power transistors are virtually […]
Simple Voltage Multiplier Circuits Explored
In this article I have explained how an input AC source could be increased to any desired levels using simple voltage multiplier circuits, built with capacitors and diodes. Thus the basic function of a voltage multiplier circuit is to multiply a given AC voltage source to any higher desired level, simply by adding the relevant […]
LM311 Datasheet, Circuit Applications
The LM311 is a versatile, fast voltage comparator with multiple capabilities. Its output stage is “open collector” and “open emitter,” allowing for various configurations. It can directly control relays and its output can be compatible with several logics, including TTL. Technical Specifications and Datasheet Here are some of the technical specifications of the LM311 comparator […]
Proximity Detector using Hall Effect Sensor Circuit
This proximity detector circuit uses a Hall effect sensor to detect the approach of a magnetic object, such as a magnet fixed to the frame of a door. The application is simple, but widely used. The use of a Hall effect sensor solves many problems that arise when one wants to detect the opening of […]