Photodiodes and phototransistors are semiconductor devices which have their p-n semiconductor junction exposed to light through a transparent cover, so that external light can react and force an electrical conduction through the junction. How Photodiodes Work A photodiode is just like a regular semiconductor diode (example 1N4148) consisting of a p-n junction, but it has […]
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3 Terminal Fixed Voltage Regulators – Working and Application Circuits
The popular 3 terminal fixed regulators available today are in the form of IC 7805, IC 7809, IC 7812, IC 7815, and IC 7824, which correspond to fixed voltage outputs of 5 V, 9 V, 12 V, 15V, and 24 V. These are called fixed voltage regulators since these ICs are able to produce excellent […]
Neon Lamps – Working and Application Circuits
A neon lamp is a glow lamp made up of a glass cover, fixed with a pair of segregated electrodes and containing an inert gas (neon or argon). The main application of a neon lamp is in the form of indicator lamps or pilot lamps. When supplied with a low voltage, the resistance between the […]
Arduino Barometric Pressure Sensor Circuit – Working and Interfacing Details
In this article we are going to explore, what is a Barometer and how to interface a barometric BMP180 sensor with Arduino. We will also be exploring some of its important specification and finally I have explained how to predict weather using barometric readings. What is Barometer? Barometer is an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. […]
Super Capacitor Charger Theory and Working
In this post I have explained a super capacitor charger circuit for charging super capacitors which converts a 12V car battery voltage to an elevated 16V for charging a bank of super capacitors. The idea was requested by Miariver. Super Capacitor for Peak Power Compensation First thanks for keep publishing this blog is very helpful, […]
What is IGBT: Working, Switching Characteristics, SOA, Gate Resistor, Formulas
IGBT stands for Insulated-gate-Bipolar-Transistor, a power semiconductor which includes the features of a MOSFET’s high speed, voltage dependent gate switching, and the minimal ON resistance (low saturation voltage) properties of a BJT. Figure 1 exhibits IGBT equivalent circuit, where a bipolar transistor works with a MOS gate architect, while the similar IGBT circuit is actually […]