In this post we are talking about this handy little gadget called a 5V single-channel relay module. It is super useful for our microcontroller projects whether we are using Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or even the ESP8266/ESP32. Let us break it down together, what it is, how it works, and how we can connect it. Understanding […]
Archives for 2025
Make this Single MOSFET Solid-State Relay SSR circuit
This single MOSFET solid-state relay SSR circuit is a very simple where you can drive an AC load like a lamp, motor, or any oter AC load, through a small DC control voltage. We use only one IRF840 MOSFET to switch the 220V AC load, and we do this with some clever diode bridge arrangement, […]
Passive Power Factor Correction (PFC) Calculator
This passive PFC calculator does not use any MOSFET or PWM or switching frequency. It only uses 50 Hz mains and it only works with inductors and capacitors, so the only thing that matters is the reactance of the inductor and the reactance of the capacitor at the mains frequency. That is why the calculator […]
Calculator to Design a High Power 3kW PFC (Power Factor Correction) Circuit
In this post I will explain how to use this active PFC calculator for calculating high current, high PFC designs. In our example we will be using 230 VAC input and 3 kW output and Vout equal to around 390 V, and we will try to see how each resistor and capacitor gets calculated in […]
220V AC to 56V DC SMPS Circuit for 48V Battery Charging
In this article we will try to understand how to build a 220V AC to 48 V DC SMPS circuit for charging all types of 48V batteries, using the nice little IC IR2153. However, since 48V battery will require a 56V DC, so we will rather discuss a 220V to 56 V DC battery charger […]
Blood Electrification Circuit: Explanation And Working Principle
Here we are talking about one circuit which many people know by the name Blood Electrification Unit, and this circuit became known because of Bob Beck many years back in the 1990s time, so now people also call it Beck Blood Electrifier. This unit is nothing complicated looking but the idea sounds heavy because it […]