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Microcontrollers

How To Use And Program ATmega Microcontrollers From Scratch Without Arduino

Last Updated on January 14, 2026 by Swagatam

ATmega microcontrollers, they are coming from the AVR family which Atmel developed long back, and later this Atmel company was taken by Microchip. So now officially Microchip owns it but still people say Atmel AVR only. These MCUs became very popular slowly because they are easy to understand, quite affordable, stable in long run and […]

Filed Under: Arduino Projects, Electronics Theory Tagged With: Arduino, ATmega, Microcontrollers, Program, Scratch, without

Communication Protocols in Microcontrollers Explained 

Last Updated on February 25, 2022 by Swagatam 4 Comments

UART communication

In this post I am going to explain various communication protocols that are used by microcontrollers, microprocessors and ICs for communicating with various sensors, electronic drivers, input and output devices.  We will see: Why do communication protocols exist in electronics? UART protocol. I2C or IIC or “I squared C” protocol. SPI or Serial Peripheral Interface […]

Filed Under: Electronics Theory Tagged With: communication, Explained, Microcontrollers, Protocols

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